Data on the urban environment such as climate or air quality is usually collected at a few point monitoring stations distributed over a city. However, the synoptic viewpoint of satellites where a whole city is visible on a single image permits the collection of spatially comprehensive data at city-wide scale. In spite of rapid developments in remote sensing systems, deficiencies in image resolu...

Leicester’s ITS provides a rich source of data (from traffic detectors, monitored both in real-time and archived, Air Quality Monitoring Stations, weather stations and meteorological services) which is integrated in an Air Quality Modelling Systems framework. The MESSAGE Project’s ‘Grid enabled’ “e-Science” infrastructure demonstration shows how additional data from pervasive environmental sens...

reduced rainfall in many parts of the world have prompted scientists to try to manipulate, in different ways, to the nature, causing precipitation from accumulated water in the atmosphere. atmospheric ionization is a new method for producing precipitation and has attracted much attention. in this regard, in recent years, in some regions of the world, in different ways, the relation between mete...

This chapter deals with the requirements for observations at aeronautical meteorological stations and the instruments and methods that are used. Synoptic observations measure at one location a representative value for a rather large area, but meteorological observations for aeronautical purposes are often made at several locations at the aerodrome and in the surrounding area, at more frequent i...

LONG-TERM GOALS Goals for this project include: 1) the characterization of ocean acoustic impulse response (OAIR) in shallow water under various environmental conditions, 2) the development of predictive and synoptic methodologies/models linking acoustic communications system (modem) performance to environmental factors. Ultimately this information can be used to develop a robust acoustic modem...

The impact of teleconnections upon the surface climate has largely been examined via a response in monthly mean temperature or total precipitation. In this paper, a different approach is undertaken, by examining the response of synoptic weather-type frequencies to different teleconnection phases. For over 330 stations in the USA and Canada, the Spatial Synoptic Classification scheme has classif...