background and aims. gingival hyperplasia, a relatively common side effect of antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs, occurs in 30‒50% of patients taking phenytoin and 25‒81% of those taking cyclosporine. gingival hyperplasia due to lack of balance between extracellular synthesis and degradation is associated with increased production of il-1b, il-6 and il-8 by gingival fibroblasts. tissue leve...
