aflatoxins (afs) are natural contaminants of feed and feedstuffs, thus the study of the noxious effects ofthese agents on the male reproductive system is of outstanding importance. our aim for this study is theevaluation of the effects of oral administration of aflatoxin b1 on the reproductive hormonal changes in adult male rat. twenty eight wistar strain male rats were selected for this study....

BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have the highest prevalence in women of reproductive age. The role of estrogen in TMDs and especially in TMDs related pain is not fully elucidated. Voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) plays a prominent role in pain perception and Nav1.7 in trigeminal ganglion (TG) is involved in the hyperalgesia of inflamed Temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Wheth...

Brain hormones exquisitely regulate the secretion of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland that affect onset of puberty and reproductive function in pigs. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is a hypothalamic 10-amino acid peptide produced by a small placode of LHRH neurons (~1,500) that is crucial for gonadotropin (LH and follicle stimulating hormone, FSH) release by the pituitary ...

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) action in bovine granulosa cells. We found that granulosa cells in the bovine antral follicle, in addition to the uterus and the CL, are also the site of LPA synthesis and the target for LPA action in the bovine reproductive tract. Our findin...

The microbial transformation of oral contraceptive norethisterone (1) by Cephalosporium aphidicola afforded an oxidized metabolite, 17α-ethynylestradiol (2), while the microbial transformation of 2 by Cunninghamella elegans yielded several metabolites, 19-nor-17α-pregna-1,3,5 (10)trien-20-yne-3,4,17β -triol (3), 19-nor-17α-pregna-1,3,5 (10)-trien-20-yne-3,7α ,17β -triol (4), 19nor-17α-pregna-1,...

Introduction: 17β-Estradiol modulates nociception by binding to the estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and GABAA receptors. In addition to its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) is involved in the pain modulation, too. The aim of the current study was to investigate the involvement of the membrane-b...

Generally, sika deer conceive a single fetus, but approximately 80% of pregnant females have two corpora lutea (CLs). The function of the accessory CL (ACL) is unknown; moreover, the process of ACL formation is unclear, and understanding this is necessary to know its role. To elucidate the process of ACL formation, the ovarian dynamics of six adult Hokkaido sika deer females were examined ultra...

Novel 13α-estrone derivatives were synthesized by Sonogashira coupling. Transformations of 2- or 4-iodo regioisomers of 13α-estrone and its 3-methyl ether were carried out under different conditions in a microwave reactor. The 2-iodo isomers were reacted with para-substituted phenylacetylenes using Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst and CuI as a cocatalyst. Coupling reactions of 4-iodo derivatives could be ...

Sex differences play a role in pain sensitivity, efficacy of analgesic drugs and prevalence of neuropathic pain, even if the underlying mechanisms are far from being understood. We demonstrate that male and female mice react differently to structural and functional changes induced by sciatic nerve ligature, used as model of neuropathic pain. Male mice show a gradual decrease of allodynia and a ...

To determine the effects of gonadal hormones on proliferation of the hippocampal neural cells, which are of importance in learning and memory function. 17β-Estradiol or testosterone was added to the culture at various concentrations. Their proliferation and protective effects on the neural cell were determined with BrdU, flow cytometry and MTT assay. Effects of the gonadal hormones on brain-der...