The human nervous system is equipped with a forward kinematics model, which calculates the hand positions using proprioceptive information. Since signi2cant evidence suggests that the forward dynamics model is used for general motion control, the forward kinematics model also seems to be used for the control of visually guided reaching. However, we believe that the forward kinematics model play...

Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense) is widely cultivated because of its long, strong seed trichomes ('fibers') used for premium textiles. These agronomically advanced fibers were derived following domestication and thousands of years of human-mediated crop improvement. To gain an insight into fiber development and evolution, we conducted comparative proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of deve...

BACKGROUND The early and noninvasive differentiation of ischemic and nonischemic acute heart failure (AHF) in the emergency department (ED) is an unmet clinical need. METHODS AND RESULTS We quantified cardiac hemodynamic stress using B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiomyocyte damage using 2 different cardiac troponin assays in 718 consecutive patients presenting to the ED with AHF (de...

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is an emerging molecular structural dynamics technique for functional materials characterization typically in the visible to near-IR range. To expand its applications we have developed a versatile FSRS setup in the ultraviolet region. We use the combination of a narrowband, ~400 nm Raman pump from a home-built second harmonic bandwidth compressor...

These notes are devoted to present some of the mathematical milestones of Control Theory. To do that, we first overview its origins and some of the main mathematical achievements. Then, we discuss the main domains of Sciences and Technologies where Control Theory arises and applies. This forces us to address modelling issues and to distinguish between the two main control theoretical approaches...

Monomers of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates, mainly 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (3HHx) and 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (3HO), were produced by overexpressing polyhydroxyalkanoates depolymerase gene phaZ, together with putative long-chain fatty acid transport protein fadL of Pseudomonas putida KT2442 and acyl-CoA synthetase (fadD) of Escherichia coli MG1655 in P. putida KT2442. FadL(Pp), which is responsi...

AIMS To measure changes in health related quality of life and employment status of NHS staff one year after early retirement because of ill health, and to identify predictors of re-employment. METHODS A national cohort of 1317 NHS staff taking early retirement because of ill health in 1998 was recruited. Postal questionnaires were used to assess their quality of life (SF-36) and employment st...

Platelet adhesion and aggregation play a critical role in primary hemostasis. Uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathologic thrombus formation and organ failure. The decisive central step for different processes of platelet activation is the increase in cytosolic Ca2 activity ([Ca2 ]i). Activation-dependent depletion of intracellular Ca2 stores triggers Ca2 entry from the extracellular s...

Shapes of RR Lyrae light curves can be described in terms of Fourier coefficients which past research has linked with physical characteristics such as luminosity, mass Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Mailcode 5247, Ne...

Singularities in the dark energy late universe are discussed, under the assumption that the Lagrangian contains the Einstein term R plus a modified gravity term R, where α is a constant. The 4D fluid is taken to be viscous and composed of two components, one Einstein component where the bulk viscosity is proportional to the scalar expansion θ, and another modified component where the bulk visco...