The clinical diagnosis of threatened abortion is presumed when any bloody vaginal discharge or bleeding appears during the first trimester of pregnancy. A prospective study on women with threatened abortion reported that women older than 34 years had an odds ratio of 2.3 for miscarriage (Falco et al., 1996). Some women who bleed in early pregnancy, approximately half of them, will abort (Weiss ...

Recently, various tumors markers have been developed and it is known that the serum levels of markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) are elevated in patients with advanced gastric cancer [3]. However, the clinical usefulness of tumor markers has not been well defined from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view...

Antibodies are a diverse class of glycoproteins that specially bind with antigen and elicit a number of secondary responses in vivo. Most of the applications of antibodies in basic research diagnosis and immunotherapy rely on labeling of the antibody with radiopharmaceuticals. Radiolabeled antibodies are a new class of imaging agents for the detection of sites of disease. True biodistribu...

The antigen-binding capacity of the peptide chains of horse anti-(diphtheria toxin) has been studied by using (125)I-labelled toxoid and electrophoresis of antibody-antigen mixtures on cellulose acetate. The heavy chains retained about 20% of the activity of the whole antibody and the light chains less than 5%. Recombination of specific heavy and light chains gave about 60% recovery of activity...

Routine blood tests revealed a hemoglobin concentration of 11 g/dL, hematocrit of 36%, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 40 mm/h. Analysis of tumor markers revealed the following: carcinoembryonic antigen, 142 ng/mL (normal range, <5.0 ng/mL); cancer antigen 19.9, 18 400 U/mL (normal range, <37 U/mL); and cancer antigen 125, 115 U/mL (normal range, <35 U/mL). Esophagogastroscopy revealed...