in the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of morphine and heroin using gold nanoparticles as resonance rayleigh scattering (rrs) and colorimetric technique’s probe. synthesized gold nanoparticles by sodium citrate reduction method have a negative charge layer on their surfaces because of self-assembled citrate anions on their surface. binding of morphin...

The aim of this investigation is study of phytoplankton and saprobic index at warm water fishes ponds at East of Golestan province, Gonbade Kavous city. Phytoplankton and ciliate sampling was done monthly during one season culture from June to November 2011. Finally, 39 genuses from 7classes of phytoplankton's and 4 genuses from ciliate group were identified. Although, Between different classes...