In this communication we elucidate a microstructural picture of proton conduction in nano-crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia at low temperatures (Kim et al. Adv. Mater., 2008, 20, 556). Based on careful analysis of electrical impedance spectra obtained from samples with grain sizes of approximately 13 and approximately 100 nm under both wet and dry atmospheres over a wide range of temperatu...

The grain-boundary character distribution (GBCD) of undoped MgO has been measured and compared with samples containing small concentrations of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Y. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements of intergranular fracture surfaces verified that Ca, Ba, and Y segregated anisotropically to grain boundaries (GBs). The segregation of Sr was not detected. The GBCDs of Ca, Ba, and Y doped MgO ...

A three-dimensional (3-D) dataset of Ni-based superalloy Inconel 100 is used as a validation case for using stereology to estimate 3-D grain sizes from 2-D data. 2-D sections of the IN100 dataset are extracted, from which 3-D size distributions are estimated through the use of the Saltykov method and compared to the true 3-D statistics. The Saltykov method corrected the upper tail disparity bet...

Loop heat pipes (LHPs) are used in many branches of industry, mainly for cooling of electrical elements and systems. The loop heat pipe is a vapour-liquid phase-change device that transfers heat from evaporator to condenser. One of the most important parts of the LHP is the porous wick structure. The wick structure provides capillary force to circulate the working fluid. To achieve good thermal...

This study investigated the grain size dependence of mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of microcrystalline (mc) and nanocrystalline (nc: grain size below 100 nm) Mg-5wt% Al alloys. The Hall-Petch relationship was investigated by both instrumented indentation tests and compression tests. The test results from the indentation tests and compression tests match well with each other. ...

Satellite observations of snow in the near-infrared wavelengths can be used to roughly estimate snow grain size. When the grain size is large, it is possible to use measurements in the visible wavelengths to estimate snow water equivalence below some threshold value of around 100 mm. While sufficient data to fully evaluate these possibilities are not available, model calculations, selected sate...

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been considered as a novel technique to refine the grain size and homogenize the microstructure of metallic materials. In this study, two-pass FSP was conducted under water to enhance the cooling rate during processing, and an AZ61 magnesium alloy with fine-grained and homogeneous microstructure was prepared through this method. Compared to the as-cast materia...

This article aims to present dynamic cube attack on Grain-v1. Dynamic cube attack finds the secret key by using distinguishers gained from structural weakness. The main idea of dynamic cube attack lies in simplifying the output function. After making it simpler, dynamic cube attack will be able to exploit distinguishing attack for recovering the secret key. In this paper, we investigate Grain-v...

Large-scale particle-in-cell calculations of the plasma wake interactions of two negatively charged grains smaller than the Debye length are carried out using the coptic code over a wide range of subsonic plasma flow velocities. In plasmas with the temperature ratio T(e)/T(i)=100, it is found that a single grain's oscillatory wake disappears for flow Mach numbers M less than approximately 0.3, ...

A semi-automated method has been used to measure all five macroscopically observable parameters of 4.1 × 106 boundary plane segments making up 5.4 mm2 of boundary area in a hot-pressed magnesia polycrystal. The observations allow a complete description of the distribution of crystal orientations, grain boundary misorientations, and the crystallographic orientations of grain boundary planes. Amo...