Introduction: In the human brain, both white matter and gray matter contain significant amounts of bound water. Although the bound water is not directly seen in conventional MRI experiments, due to its very short T2, the effects of RF pulses on the bound water can influence the free water signal through proton exchange. This effect is known as magnetization transfer (MT) [1], and when MT effect...

Five monoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse P3 x 63 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with aflatoxin B1-adducted DNA complexes with methylated bovine serum albumin. Selected hybridomas were found to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for modified DNA containing both the 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 and the...

The monoclonal antibody 703D4, which binds heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1), has been reported to detect lung cancer more than a year earlier than routine chest X-ray or cytomorphology. To explore the biological basis of this detection, we studied the expression of this antigen in the central airways of smokers with evidence of bronchial metaplasia using specimens fro...

We now consider some examples of jump systems. Example 1. Let M be a matroid over a set S, |S| = n. We let each coordinate of Z correspond to an element of S, and let J ⊆ {0, 1}n be the set of characteristic functions for bases of M , J = {χB|B a basis of M}. Claim 1. The set J is a jump system. Proof. Let x and y be the respective characteristic vectors of two bases b1 and b2 of M . A step x f...

Mice expressing the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) chain variable (V) region from a rearranged V(H)12 gene inserted into the IgH locus generate predominantly B-1 cells, whereas expression of two other V(H) region transgenes (V(H)B1-8 and V(H)glD42) leads to the almost exclusive generation of conventional, or B-2, cells. To determine the developmental potential of B cells bearing two distinct B c...

We provide a different approach to and prove a (partial) generalisation of a recent theorem on the structure of low energy solutions of the compatible two well problem in two dimensions [Lor05], [CoSc06]. More specifically we will show that a “quantitative” two well Liouville theorem holds for the set of matrices K = SO (2) ∪ SO (2) H where H = ( σ 0 0 σ−1 ) under a constraint on the L norm of ...

The rupture of atherosclerotic plaques leads to the exposure of matrix proteins, which in turn trigger arterial thrombosis, leading to stroke and cardiac infarction. Different platelet receptors sense the exposed matrix and induce platelet activation and secretion of prothrombotic molecules, leading to further platelet recruitment and finally thrombus formation. Integrins represent the major fa...

If (A0, A1) and (B0, B1) are Banach couples and a linear operator T : A0 +A1 → B0 +B1 maps A0 compactly into B0 and maps A1 boundedly into B1, does T necessarily also map [A0, A1]θ compactly into [B0, B1]θ for θ ∈ (0, 1)? After 42 years this question is still not answered, not even in the case where T : A1 → B1 is also compact. But affirmative answers are known for many special choices of (A0, ...

Quantitative mapping of the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1=1/T1) in the human brain enables the investigation of tissue microstructure and macroscopic morphology which are becoming increasingly important for clinical and neuroimaging applications. R1 maps are now commonly estimated from two fast high-resolution 3D FLASH acquisitions with variable excitation flip angles, because this approach ...