Intracellular concentration of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP), a second messenger molecule, is regulated in bacteria by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) (synthesizing c-di-GMP) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) (degrading c-di-GMP). c-di-GMP concentration ([c-di-GMP]) affects motility and sessility in a reciprocal fashion; high [c-di-GMP] typically inhibits motility and promotes sessility. ...

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is the hydrophilic 64-amino acid C-terminal glycopeptide released into cheese whey when kappa-casein is cleaved by chymosin. GMP exists as a mixture of different glycoforms due to the carbohydrates sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, NeuNAc), galactose (Gal), galactosamine and glucosamine attached by O-glycosidic linkages. GMP reportedly stimulates the release of chole...

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the relationship of cyclic GMP and calcium to the immunologic discharge of lysosomal enzymes from purified human neutrophils. Contact of neutrophils with a variety of immunologic stimuli, including zymosan particles treated with either normal or rheumatoid arthritic (RA) serum, heat-aggregated (agg) IgG, particulate and immobilized agg IgG each...

In biofilms, the bacterial community optimizes the strategies to sense the environment and to communicate from cell to cell. A key player in the development of a bacterial biofilm is the second messenger c-di-GMP, whose intracellular levels are modulated by the opposite activity of diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases. Given the huge impact of bacterial biofilms on human health, understa...

A Memory Cross Volterra model for Doherty power amplifiers (PA) with delay mismatch is presented in this letter. During the design process of amplifier, gain, efficiency and operation bandwidth are mostly considered. Delay difficult to avoid kind dual-path circuit, which reduces modeling performance traditional behavioral models. The proposed Model (MCVM) derived from combination three memory p...

Granule membrane protein (GMP-140). also known as platelet activation-dependent granule-external membrane (PADGEM) is an integral membrane glycoprotein that is expressed on the platelet surface following degranulation. GMP-140, also expressed by endothelial cells, is part of a new family of cell adhesion molecules (selectins) related to the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1) and t...

The importance of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and its control of biofilm matrix assembly and production has been a focal point of researchers in recent history. In this issue, Cooley et al. (Cooley RB, Smith TJ, Leung W, Tierney V, Borlee BR, O'Toole GA, Sondermann H, J Bacteriol 198:66-77, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00369-15) demonstrate that two c-di-GMP controlled features of Pseudomonas aeru...