We assume two loci under selection (A and B) and a third neutral locus C, each with two alleles denoted by A1 and A2, B1 and B2, and C1 and C2, respectively. Let the frequencies of alleles A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C3 be p, 1 p, q, 1 q, n and 1 n, respectively. We denote the recombination rate between locus i and j by rij and consider a continuous-time model, such that second-order terms of recomb...

Besides its nutritional value, bovine beta-casein is a source of bioactive peptides called betacasomorphins produced during digestion of raw or processed milk. It was shown that the betacasomorphin 7 originates only from beta-casein variants A1 or B and may be a significant risk factor in human ischemic heart disease, arteriosclerosis, type I diabetes and sudden infant death syndrome. In this s...

Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is characterized by a cell death response with features of apoptosis and necrosis that is inhibited by IL-11 and other interventions. We hypothesized that Bfl-1/A1, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, is a critical regulator of HALI and a mediator of IL-11-induced cytoprotection. To test this, we characterized the expression of A1 and the oxygen susceptibility of ...

We have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of peripheral blood monocytes to block apoptosis induction in endothelial cells. Monocytes stimulated the expression of the bcl-2 homologue A1 in serum-starved endothelial cells after 6 h of coincubation, with elevated A1 levels persisting for up to 21 h. IL-1 and TNF also stimulated A1 expression at 6 h, but A1 transcript lev...

Bacillus circulans WL-12, isolated as a yeast cell wall-lytic bacterium, secretes a variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes into culture medium. When chitinases of the bacterium were induced with chitin, six distinct chitinase molecules were detected in the culture supernatant. These chitinases (A1, A2, B1, B2, C, and D) showed the following distinct sizes and isoelectric points: Mr 74,000,...

Here we report the genomic cloning and characterization of the murine A1 genes, which belong to the bcl-2 gene family. Southern analysis indicated the existence of at least four A1 genes in the murine genome and four different A1 genes, designated A1-a, -b, -c and -d, were cloned from the murine genomic library. The A1-a, -b and -d genes consisted of two exons, whereas the A1-c gene contained 1...

Six compounds were isolated from Derris laxiflora Benth., including two new pterocarpans, 7,6'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxypterocarpan (1) and derrispisatin (2), as well as four known ones, lespedezol D, (3), secundiflorol 1 (4), 6a-hydroxymaackiain (5) and pisatin (6). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic data.

Most individuals carry two wild-type M alleles of the SERPINA1 gene which encodes a1-antitrypsin. 95% of severe deficiency of a1-antitrypsin is associated with the Z allele (Glu342Lys; denoted PiZZ in the homozygote), and with the retention and polymerisation of a1-antitrypsin within hepatocytes [1]. These polymers are contained within periodic acid–Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant inclusion...

OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Data suggest that antibodies to CNS targets contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. MS patients produce autoantibodies to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1). hnRNP A1 is an RNA binding protein (RBP) overexpressed in neurons that functions in pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA t...

Previously (9), I found that immunization of rabbits with antibody directed against variable region heavy chain VH polypeptides of a1 allotype induced the production of antiidiotype (anti-Id) molecules that appeared to bear images of the original a1 allotype. I now show that these anti-Id molecules can be fractionated into two populations: one population (a2a3- anti-Id) that lacks the nominal V...