In this paper, a thorough mathematical analysis is proposed for designing and tuning fuzzy proportional ± integral± derivative (FZ-PID) control in order to achieve a better performance and simpler design. The quantitative model of FZ-PID, derived for the mathematical analysis and gain design, consists of a nonlinear relay and a nonlinear proportional ± integral ± derivative (PID) controller. Th...

BACKGROUND The cause-effect relation between periodontal inflammatory disease (PID) and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains uncertain. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between PID and PD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective matched-cohort study by using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified 5,396 patients with newly diagnosed PID during 1...

The pH control process has been used in industry in a wide number of applications. Its dynamics are highly nonlinear. The pH control process is subjected to uncertainties of mathematical model describing the kinetics changes of chemical process and the external disturbances. The pH control process using the PID control technique will be investigated in this paper. The setting and adjustment of ...

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a clinical syndrome characterized by upper genital tract inflammation and frequently associated with sexually transmitted or genital tract microorganisms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed STD treatment guidelines intended to assist health care providers in selecting antibiotic treatment strategies based on objective clinical...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most cost-effective method of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in asymptomatic sexually active adolescent females. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness decision analysis comparing pelvic examination with cervical screening (the current national standard) with a model of urine screening with ligase chain reaction testing for Chl...

The proximal metaphyses of the humerus of weanling gnotobiotic dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) were investigated histologically and immunocytochemically between 4 and 41 days after infection. Viral antigen was demonstrated in hematopoietic marrow and bone cells at postinfection day (PID) 5 and PID 7, respectively. Between PID 8 and 27, CDV antigen was abundantly p...

In lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the principal immunodominant domain (PID) of the transmembrane glycoprotein elicits a strong humoral response in infected hosts. The PID is marked by the presence of two cysteines that delimit a sequence, composed of five to seven amino acids in different lentiviruses, which is highly conserved amon...

The extensive expansion of large photovoltaic (PV) farms in power systems diminishes both system inertia and synchronizing coupling. Due to the occurrence of several faults, the power system transient stability may be damaged. However the transient stability is improved by the fast power controlling ability of the PV inverter. This paper focuses on the new application of large PV farms equipped...

An unsolved ancient problem in position control of robot manipulators is to find a stability analysis that proves global asymptotic stability of the classical PID control in closed loop with robot manipulators. The practical evidence suggests that in fact the classical PID in industrial robots is a global regulator. The main goal of the present paper is theoreticall...