The rational flight landing sequence has very important influence on the service of airlines, airports and air traffic controller. The discrete optimization problem can be seen as one machine scheduling problem with distinct starting and finishing time and the objective: the minimization of tardy flight problem. Because of this NP-hard complexity, ant colony optimization (ACO) is utilized to so...

DNA microarrays are manufactured by synthesizing probes on a solid surface with the help of light and a sequence of lithographic masks. Unintentional illumination can create defects on the microarray due to small dimensions and light properties, but a suitable arrangement of probes can reduce the probability of defects. The problem of designing DNA microarrays is computationally hard and there ...

For years the air traffic routes have been fixed by the air traffic controllers on the basis of pre-acquired knowledge. Free flight air traffic management is a solution to move the decision making process for route choices from air traffic controllers to the cockpit. The basic idea is optimize the flight routes in the consideration of multiple objectives .i.e. the optimal path is decided based ...

Extrafloral nectaries can occur in both vegetative and reproductive plant structures. In many Rubiaceae species in the Brazilian Cerrado, after corolla abscission, the floral nectary continues to secret nectar throughout fruit development originating post-floral pericarpial nectaries which commonly attract many ant species. The occurrence of such nectar secreting structures might be strategic f...

In an effort to develop a chemical control strategy for the invasive Argentine ant. Linepithema humile (Mayr), in Haleakala National Park, Maxforce, which is formulated with 0.9% hydramethylnon, was used in test plots to determine the efficacy of the ant bait in the field. Initially, Maxforce was tested at 2 application rates: broadcast at 2.25 kg/ha (2 lb/ acre) and 4.5 kg/ha (4 lb/acre). Late...

This article proposes a sociologically informed theoretical and methodological framework to address the complexity of public health interventions (PHI). It first proposes three arguments in favour of using the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) for the framework. ANT: (1) deals with systems made of human and non-human entities and proposes a relational view of action; (2) provides an understanding of t...

Ant colony optimization is a metaheuristic approach belonging to the model based search algorithm. It is a paradigm for designing metaheuristic algorithm for combinatorial problem. In this paper we discuss the Ant colony system. Ant colony system is one of the best algorithm of ant colony optimization. First we discuss the optimization,and one of the optimization problem is combinatiorial probl...

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem involving nonlinear objective function with multiple local minima. In this paper, as a new approach, different ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms are applied to the reactive power dispatch problem. Ant system (AS), the firstly introduced ant colony optimization algorithm, and its direc...