BACKGROUND Smokeless, spitless tobacco products are being introduced and marketed as cigarette substitutes. Data are needed regarding how smokers interested in cessation would use these products, the levels of resultant toxicant exposure, and the feasibility of using these products as aids for tobacco cessation. METHODS Smokers were randomized to receive Camel Snus (n = 51), Taboka (n = 52), ...

The one-humped camel is an important domestic animal in arid and semiarid areas of Mediterranean Africa, East Africa and West and South Asia where it contributes to human livelihoods and welfare. Little studied until recently infection with hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus has now been recorded in the animal in more than 20 counties of its recorded natural range. In comparative studies,...

Trypanosomosis in camel caused by Trypanosoma evansi is still a serious problem in camel husbandry causes considerable economic losses in many camel-rearing regions of the world. In the present study 193 camels clinically suspected for surra were examined parasitologically by Giemsa stained blood smear (GSBS) and haematocrit centrifugation technique, serologically for detection of anti-trypanos...

Camel is an economically important farm animal used for meat, milk and hair production in the Middle-East and North Africa [1]. Mycoplasmas are highly contagious organism capable of auto-replication and difficult to culture and slow growing [2,3]. Camel joints are infected by variety of infectious diseases that may affect their racing performance. Mycoplasma spp. are considered the common cause...

Despite its economical, cultural, and biological importance, there has not been a large scale sequencing project to date for Camelus dromedarius. With the goal of sequencing complete DNA of the organism, we first established and sequenced camel EST libraries, generating 70,272 reads. Following trimming, chimera check, repeat masking, cluster and assembly, we obtained 23,602 putative gene sequen...

The purposes of this study were to investigate the levels of lactoferrin in 180 normal and 132 mastitic camel milk samples and to elucidate the effect of age, lactation stage, presence of pathogens, and somatic cell counts (SCC) on the concentration of lactoferrin in camel milk using radial immunodiffusion test. The mean log concentration of lactoferrin from mastitic camels (3.8 ± 0.67) was sig...

The genetic diversity and population genetic structure of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are poorly documented in Saudi Arabia. The present study was conducted to address some of these genetics using four Saudi Arabian camel populations namely; Magaheem (MG), Maghateer (MJ), Sofr (SO) and Shual (SH). Genomic DNA was extracted from the hair roots of 160 camels, 40 individuals from each p...

A recent publication described finding GB virus C (GBV-C) RNA in 4 of 22 dromedary camel sera, and sequence analysis found that these viruses were phylogenetically clustered within human GBV-C isolates. Since all other GB viruses to date form monophyletic groups according to their host species, the close relationship between the sequences generated from camel sera and human GBV-C isolates seeme...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible therapeutic effects of camel milk on behavioral characteristics as an interventional strategy in autistic children. STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT). PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, K...

This study was carried out to gather species-specific data on mast-cell density and distribution in camel small intestine under different fixation conditions and to elucidate the presence and cross-reactivity of tryptase in the camel small intestine using human specific anti-tryptase antibody. Tissue specimens from the jejunum, duodenum, and ileum were obtained from 9 healthy, 9-12 months old, ...