Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be influenced by iron. Hence, decreasing the availability of iron may inhibit HIV-1 replication. Deferoxamine and deferiprone, both forming catalytically inactive iron-chelator complexes, and bleomycin, by use of which iron catalyzes oxidative nucleic acid destruction, were investigated. Expression of p24 antigen in human monocyte-d...

A retrovirus [lymphoadenopathy-associated virus, human T-cell leukemia virus type III, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related virus] suspected of causing AIDS has been isolated recently. The detection of exposure to this retrovirus in donors of various blood products is important to prevent transmission of the disease from these donors to recipients. In the majority of cases, the det...

Abstract Members of the p24 protein family form a highly conserved family of type I transmembrane proteins that are abundant components of the early secretory pathway. Topologically, the proteins have a large luminal domain and a short cytoplasmic domain that allows for targeting to both coat protein complex II and coat protein complex I vesicles, and thus these proteins cycle between the endop...

Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans sel-9 gene elevate the activity of lin-12 and glp-1, which encode members of the LIN-12/NOTCH family of receptors. Sequence analysis indicates SEL-9 is one of several C. elegans p24 proteins. Allele-specific genetic interactions suggest that reducing sel-9 activity increases the activity of mutations altering the extracellular domains of LIN-12 or GLP-1. ...

Identifying the mechanisms of natural control of HIV-1 infection could lead to novel approaches to prevent or cure HIV infection. Several studies have associated natural control of HIV-1 infection with IgG Abs against HIV-1 Gag proteins (e.g., p24) and/or production of IgG2 Abs against HIV-1 proteins. These Abs likely exert their effect by activating antiviral effector cell responses rather tha...

BACKGROUND Cellular immune responses to HIV-1 have been examined mainly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). During onset of HIV replication and antigenaemia after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), PBMC may theoretically contain HIV-specific T cells that are qualitatively and quantitatively different from specific T cells dominating in the tissues. PBMC r...

Sequential specimens obtained from 87 multicenter AIDS cohort study participants were tested by three p24 antigen tests. They included a polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (EIA), a monoclonal EIA, and a monoclonal EIA after immune complex dissociation (ICD) of specimens. Subjects were grouped into two categories defined by real-time testing with the polyclonal EIA: 39 had become positive for p24 ant...

Caspases are universal effectors of apoptosis. The mitochondrial and death receptor pathways activate distinct apical caspases (caspase-9 and -8, respectively) that converge on the proteolytic activation of the downstream executioner caspase-3. Caspase-9 and -8 cleave procaspase-3 to produce a p24 processing intermediate (composed of its prodomain and large subunit), which then undergoes autopr...

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease worldwide. Moreover, latent M. tuberculosis infection is more likely to progress to active TB and eventually leads to death when HIV infection is involved. Thus, it is urgent to develop a novel TB vaccine with immunogenicity to both M. tuberculosis and HIV. In this study, four uncharacterized T cell epitop...