BACKGROUND Air pollution has been shown to increase the susceptibility to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Previously, we observed an increased incidence of CAP in adults living within 1 km from poultry farms, potentially related to particulate matter and endotoxin emissions. We aim to confirm the increased risk of CAP near poultry farms by refined spatial analyses, and we hypothesize that t...

We examined if 12 weeks of capsaicinoid (CAP) supplementation affected appetite, body composition and metabolic health markers. Seventy seven healthy male and female volunteers (30 ± 1 y, 171.2 ± 9.8 cm, 81.0 ± 2.2 kg, 27.5 ± 0.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to ingest either low-dose CAP (2 mg/d; L-CAP, n = 27), high-dose CAP (4 mg/d; H-CAP, n = 22) from Capsimax or placebo (corn starch; PLA, ...

Let $$\Gamma $$ denote a bipartite graph with vertex set X and color partitions Y, $$Y'$$ . For nonnegative integer i $$x\in X$$ , let _{i}(x)$$ the of vertices in that are at distance from x. Y$$ $$y \in \Gamma _2(x)$$ $$z _{i}(x)\cap _i(y)$$ $$\gamma _i(x,y,z)$$ number common neighbors x y which $$i-1$$ z (i.e., _i(x,y,z):=|\Gamma _1(x)\cap _{1}(y)\cap _{i-1}(z)|$$ ). moment assume every Y ha...

The objective of the study is to assess the etiology and prognosis of gross hematuria (GH) in patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CAP). From 1991 to 2011, 81 men (mean age 74.3 years, SD 6.5) with CAP were hospitalized with GH. Primary treatment of CAP was radical surgery in 13 patients (group 1) and nonsurgical therapy in 68 (group 2), mostly radiotherapy (35 cases) and hormonal treatment...

BACKGROUND Patients often experience problems using metered dose inhalers (MDIs), particularly poor coordination between inhalation start and dose actuation (TsIn: time difference between the start of an inhalation and the actuation of a dose), and fast peak inspiratory flow (PIF). We investigated if a coordination cap (CAP), with instruction to prolong inhalation, solved these problems. METH...

BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes substantial clinical and economic burden. While several studies have reported the cost to treat CAP, there is little information on the cost to treat by age, risk profile, and hospitalization in US adults aged ≥50 years. OBJECTIVE To quantify the cost, from a payer perspective, of treating CAP at the episode level, stratified by age, risk p...

This paper develops a global model of climate policy, focusing on the choice between tax and cap-and-trade solutions. We assume that the world can be split into two regions, with two fuels that both lead to carbon emissions. Region A consumes all fuels, and is responsible for defining and implementing climate policy. Region B produces all of fuel 1 (oil), while fuel 2 (interpreted as either coa...

Introduction With economic pressures to shift the care of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to the ambulatory setting, there is a need to ensure safety of outpatients with CAP. The use of claims data alone remains the primary strategy for identifying these patients, but billing information often does not match the clinical diagnosis and does not have the ability to find unrecognized cases. In ...

We present a hospital non-price competition model to investigate two important concerns when a global budgeting system is applied to the expenditure cap policy and the expenditure target policy. Our results indicate that (1) the treadmill effect, (describing a phenomenon whereby health care providers provide more health care services with a lower reimbursed price under the expenditure cap polic...

Background: The sudden exposure of premature newborns to a cold and dry environment can lead to hypothermia. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of two polyethylene covers on the body temperature and oxygen saturation of premature neonates. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 72 premature newborns in the neonatal int...