ions A first-order abstraction in the ρpg-calculus consists of two object port graphs for the leftand the right-hand sides, and an arrow node embedding the correspondence between the two sides. The arrow node has two particular ports, a handler port p0 and a black hole port bh. Some restrictions must be imposed on the connectivity of these two types of ports. A handler port can be connected onl...

Two constructs encoding the human micro-opioid receptor (hMOR) fused at its C terminus to either one of two Galpha subunits, Galpha(o1) (hMOR-Galpha(o1)) and Galpha(i2) (hMOR-Galpha(i2)), were expressed in Escherichia coli at levels suitable for pharmacological studies (0.4-0.5 pmol/mg). Receptors fused to Galpha(o1) or to Galpha(i2) maintained high-affinity binding of the antagonist diprenorph...

The safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was assessed in adult Korean male through an open-label, non-comparative clinical study. Two doses of vaccine with an interval of 2 weeks were given to 20 healthy subjects. A total of 7 adverse events occurred in 6 subjects. However, no clinically significant change was observed in electrocardiograms, vital signs, phys...

Major immunogenic sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been mapped to the C-terminal third of capsid protein VP1; we studied the immunogenicity of a series of TrpE-FMDV fusion proteins containing this region of FMDV strain O1 Campos. Fusion protein TrpE-dCN, which contains a dimer of VP1 amino acid sequences consisting of amino acids 200 to 213 linked by a diproline spacer to amino...

Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic environment. However, its toxigenic strains can cause potentially life-threatening diarrhea. A quadruplex real-time PCR assay targeting four genes, the cholera toxin gene (ctxA), the hemolysin gene (hlyA), O1-specific rfb, and O139-specific rfb, was developed for detection and differentiation of O1, O139, and non-O1, non-O139 strains and fo...

A direct-plating method on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (DIR-TCBS) in conjunction with enrichment in alkaline peptone water (APW) incubated for both 6 h and 24 h followed by subculture onto TCBS (APW6h-TCBS and APW24h-TCBS, respectively) was performed on 16,034 rectal swab samples for isolating Vibrio cholerae. A total of 2,932 (18.3%) rectal swab samples were positive for V. cho...

Vibrio cholerae has been sporadically isolated from rivers in Tucumán, Argentina, since the outbreak in 1991. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental reservoir of the bacterium in these rivers, assessing the presence of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and O1 (the latter both in its viable culturable and non culturable state) and its relationship to environmental physicochemical variable...