BACKGROUND Homeopathy is widely used, and many European physicians practice homeopathy in addition to conventional medicine. Adverse effects in homeopathy are not expected by homeopaths due to the negligible quantities of active substances in a remedy. However, we questioned if homeopathic aggravation, which is described as a temporary worsening of existing symptoms following a correct homeopat...

126 Homeopathic remedies are undergoing a resurgence of popularity because the patient can administer them without a prescription, and they are alleged to have no adverse side effects. They are readily available in most drug stores and pharmacies, despite the fact that the theory of homeopathy is contrary to the theoretical foundation of every pharmacist's training. In some countries, patients ...

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Homeopathy is founded on ‘holistic’ and ‘vitalistic’ paradigms, which may be interpreted—at least in part—in terms of a framework provided by the theory of dynamic systems and of complexity. The conceptual models and some experimental findings from complexity science may support the paradoxical claims of similia principle and of dilution/dynamization effects. It is argued that better appreciati...

Homeopathy is a popular but implausible form of medicine. Contrary to many claims by homeopaths, there is no conclusive evidence that highly dilute homeopathic remedies are different from placebos. The benefits that many patients experience after homeopathic treatment are therefore most probably due to nonspecific treatment effects. Contrary to widespread belief, homeopathy is not entirely devo...

Homeopathy is an ancient and complex therapeutic method that is rediscovering its scientific foundations. Hormesis is a frequently observed phenomenon that has been rigorously reported with precise dose-response curves. The therapeutic method based on the principle of “like cures like” should not be confused with hormesis, which has several different implications from those of homeopathy. Yet, ...