Background. Antibiotic exposure is an important andmodifiable risk factor forClostridium difficile infection (CDI).We hypothesized that appropriate antibiotic therapy for common outpatient infections might reduce the risk of community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI). Methods. We conducted a case-control study of independent-living adult outpatients for two ambulatory infectious diagnoses: urinary tract i...

OBJECTIVE Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Studies have shown bacterial colonisation after FMT, but data on viral alterations in CDI are scarce. We investigated enteric virome alterations in CDI and the association between viral transfer and clinical outcome in patients with CDI. DESIGN Ultra-deep metage...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the trend in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among hospitalized children in the United States and to evaluate the severity of and risk factors associated with these cases of CDI. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study using the triennial Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database for the years 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006. SETTING Hospitalized c...

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among adults. However, outcomes are poorly defined among children. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed among hospitalized children at 41 children's hospitals between January 2006 and August 2011. Patients with CDI (exposed) were matched 1:2 to patients without CDI (unexposed)...

Background. Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI) is an important cause of diarrhea in transplant recipients, and often complicated by the use of intense immunosuppression and need for antibiotic prophylaxis. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CDI in heart and heart-lung transplant (HT) recipients and assessed its impact on outcomes. Methods. This is a retrospective study of HT recipien...

During the past decade, there has been a heightened interest in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and its changing epidemiology. According to PubMed, 366 articles were published from 1994 to 2004 about CDI epidemiology, and 1667 articles over the last 9 years.A confluence of factors contributed to the increased number of articles about CDI epidemiology: the emergence of a hypervirulent Clos...

Background. The aim of this study was to compare hospital-onset (Non-POA) CDI discharges to community-onset (POA) CDI discharges in order to assess the healthcare burden of hospital acquired CDI. Methods. A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with CDI was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital in Detroit between January 2011 and December 2012. CDI Patients were classified as present...

Background. The incidence rate of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI) is estimated at 1 in 100 patients. Antibiotic exposure is the most consistently reported risk factor. Strategies to reduce HA-CDI have focused on reducing antibiotic utilization. Prospective audit and feedback (PAF) is a commonly used antimicrobial stewardship intervention (ASi). The impact of this ...

et al. Isolation of Rickettsia parkeri and identifi cation of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia sp. from Gulf Coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) in the rates of Rickettsia parkeri infection in Gulf Coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) and identifi cation of " Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae " from Fairfax County, Virginia. A ten-year study of tick biting in Mississippi: implications for human d...