This paper gives a quantum algorithm to search in an set S for a k-tuple satisfying some predefined relation, with the promise that some components of a desired k-tuple are in some subsets of S. In particular when k = 2, we show a tight bound of the quantum query complexity for the Claw Finding problem, improving previous upper and lower bounds by Buhrman, Durr, Heiligman, Hoyer, Magniez, Santh...

This study examined the worries adults and their parents experience for one another. To date, relatively little research has considered the experience of worry in this relationship. A small number of studies, however, suggest worry is relatively common in this relationship (Boutain, 2001; Cicirelli, 1988; Parker, Call, Dunkle, & Vaitkus, 2002). Furthermore, worrying may be linked with mental an...

Formation of granuloma and production of antibodies in guinea-pigs receiving egg albumen with Freund's adjuvant may be suppressed by cortisone (Fischel, Kabat, Stoerk, Skolnick, and Bezer, 1954). The arthritis induced in rats by Freund's adjuvant may also be prevented by treatment with cortisone (e.g. Houssay and Frangione, 1961; Pearson, Wood, and Waksman, 1961), pyrazolidines, salicylates, an...

Methods for automated discovery of causal relationships from non-interventional data have received much attention recently. A widely used and well understood model family is given by linear acyclic causal models (recursive structural equation models). For Gaussian data both constraint-based methods (Spirtes et al., 1993; Pearl, 2000) (which output a single equivalence class) and Bayesian score-...

[1] Shim D, Fedderly RT, Beekman III RH, Ludomirsky A, Young ML, Schork MA, Lloyd TR. Follow-up of coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28. 207-11. [2] Galal O, de Moor M, Fadley F et al. Problems encountered during introduction of Gianturco coils for transcatheter occlusion of the patent arterial duct. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 625-30. [3] Sommer RJ, Gutierrez A, Lai...

The advent of structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables has changed the nature of research in international marketing and management. Researchers acknowledge the possibilities of distinguishing between measurement and structural models and explicitly taking measurement error into account. As Gefen, Straub, and Boudreau (2000, p. 6) point out, ‘‘SEM has become de rigueur in valida...

Darüber hinaus ist, wie Hoyer schreibt, nicht nur andiskutiert, den Eigenanteil der Hochschulen bei der Beschaffung von Großgeräten von 15 auf 20% zu erhöhen. Auch die zugesagte Erhöhung der Mittel aus dem Innovationsfonds wird zurückgenommen. So sollten 2003 rund 30 Mio. Euro den Hochschulen zugewiesen werden, es kommen aber wie 2003 nur 23 Mio., “wobei den Hochschulen zugleich eine Verpflicht...