Constructivist learning theories argue that tasks and discourse modes that explicitly incorporate students’ former experiences can form powerful learning environments. Furthermore, research shows that students develop intrinsic motivation such as domain-specific interest, when they feel challenged and personally involved. Accordingly, constructivist teaching settings in which students participa...

One purpose of the study is to examine the relative effects of schooling and age on performance in mathematics and science by the use of a between-grade regression discontinuity approach applied to the Swedish samples of TIMSS 95. This design relies on the assumptions that there is a sharp age-based decision rule for grade assignment, and that the regression of performance on age is linear. Ano...

This study uses data from the 1995 TIMSS middle school study to investigate efficient use of classroom time and personal support of students as important aspects of instructional quality. Typically, most studies on instructional quality define quality in terms of instructional effects either on cognitive outcomes, such as achievement gains, or on non-cognitive outcomes, such as students’ motiva...

This paper aimed to explore the impact of Kosovar teachers’ characteristics on performance fourth-grade students in TIMSS 2019. The addressed teachers, demographic, and academics, which are closely related overall students. In this research, data from 2019 database were used, for 4435 tested, 192 teachers surveyed. findings show that did not perform well They achieved 444 points field mathemati...