صخلملا The aim of this study isto examine whether radiofrequency (RF) used in cellular phone communications at a specific absorption rate (SAR) less than 1.2 w/kg could increase the spontaneous rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) or elicit alterations both in the cell replication index (CRI) and mitotic index (MI) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Whole blood samples were obtained fro...

Despite the characterization of neuroprotection by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), the signaling pathway mediating its protective effect is unclear. Bad is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family and is inactivated on phosphorylation via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). This study attempted to address whether MAPK signaling and Bad phosphorylation were influenced by TGF-...

Mounting evidence underlines the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, but its functional interactions with pathways involved in HCC progression remain uninvestigated. Here, we analyzed in preneoplastic and neoplastic livers from Fisher 344 and Brown Norway rats, possessing different genetic predisposition to HCC, in transforming growth fa...

The blood-brain barrier regulates the flow of ions, chemicals, and cells by acting as a conduit between blood cerebral tissue. Additionally, it shields brain against pathogen invasion immune cell infiltration. It is composed endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytic end feet, perivascular macrophages, microglial which help in maintaining its integrity. There are various signaling pathways that a...

سلج 36 روم 07 / 02 / 94 و يس و دصكي نيمشش يشهوژپ ياروش هسلج تروص 1 . هسلج ليكشت تعاس و خيرات ،زور : زور هبنشود خيرات هب 07 / 02 / 94 هسلج نامز تدم 2 زا تعاس 14 تياغل 16 2 . يدعب هسلج خيرات : 28 / 02 / 94 3 . هسلج ليكشت لحم : يشهوژپ تنواعم رتفد 4 . هسلج رد هدننك تكرش ءاضعا : 1 ناراجشا يلع رتكد 2 رتكد يمولظم يلع رف 3 رفدنمجرا سابع رتكد 4 يرفعج دمحم رتكد يدنره 5 يضاق ديعس رتكد يبرغم ...

Ras GTPases are ubiquitous plasma membrane transducers of extracellular stimuli. In addition to their role as oncogenes, Ras GTPases are key regulators of cell function. Each of the Ras isoforms exhibits specific modulatory activity on different cellular pathways. This has prompted researchers to determine the pathophysiological roles of each isoform. There is a proven relationship between the ...

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of human gliomas: during carcinogenesis, it turns from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter. The traditional Smad pathway and the more recently discovered MAPK pathway are the most important pathways for TGF-beta related intracellular signal transduction mediating differential pathobiological effects. In t...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) is used for medical management of endometriosis and premature luteinizing hormone surge during controlled ovarian stimulation. Human endometrium expresses GnRH receptors, and GnRHa alters the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and receptors in endometrial cells. Because the diverse biological actions of GnRHa and TGF-beta are m...

Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and no effective medication is available clinically for managing its progression. Metformin was initially developed as an anti-diabetic drug and recently gained attention for its potential in the treatment of other diseases. In this study, we investigated its effects on renal fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral uret...

TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine involved in growth, cell differentiation and maintenanceof tissue homeostasis. In addition, TGF-β plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. TGF-β-induced signaling pathways have either tumor-suppression or tumor-promoting effects in a cancer-type-specific and stage-dependent manner. TGF-β at an early stage of cancer development ...