Introduction In 2000, Westmead Hospital Department of Anaesthesia made a survey of the use of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by cardiac surgical units throughout Australia. At that time, 80% of cardiac units were using intraoperative TOE, of which the anaesthetist was primarily responsible for the interpretation in 72%. Were we to conduct the same survey in 2009, I belie...

A 79-year-old man, with history of HTN, CAD and dyslipidemia, presented with two-week history of painful toes that started as ‘purple’ discoloration on the left side then extended to involve most of his toes bilaterally. Two months prior to this presentation, he sustained a left internal capsule stroke along with concomitant worsening of kidney function. One month later, a change in the mental ...

[Purpose] To test the hypothesis that toe grasping strength is associated with daily physical activity in older adults. [Subjects] Fifty-seven Japanese women, aged 52-78 years, volunteered. [Methods] Toe grasping and knee extension strength were measured. Physical activity was also measured, using an accelerometer, and the total duration of each level of exercise intensity (light, moderate, and...

Objective: To correlate clinical risk factors for thromboembolism with transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) markers of a thrombogenic milieu. Design: Clinical risk factors for thromboembolism and TOE markers of a thrombogenic milieu were assessed in consecutive patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. The following TOE parameters were assessed: presence of spontaneous echo contrast, ...

The purpose of this study was to use muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulations to quantify individual muscle contributions to body support (vertical ground reaction force) and propulsion (horizontal ground reaction force) and the mechanical energetics of the body segments during toe and heel-toe walking performed by able-bodied subjects to identify possible compensatory mechanisms necessary t...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that pincer nails are caused by lack of upward mechanical forces on the toe pad. However, clinically significant pincer nails are also often observed among healthy walkers. It was hypothesized that in these cases, the affected toes do not receive adequate physical stimulation from walking and loading. To test this, the gait characteristics of pincer nail cases ...

OBJECTIVE To correlate clinical risk factors for thromboembolism with transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) markers of a thrombogenic milieu. DESIGN Clinical risk factors for thromboembolism and TOE markers of a thrombogenic milieu were assessed in consecutive patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. The following TOE parameters were assessed: presence of spontaneous echo contrast, ...

This retrospective survey identifies potential risk factors for developmental limb abnormalities in whooping crane (Grus americana) chicks reared at the International Crane Foundation between 1990 and 2006. We summarized a series of biologicallyrelevant preand post-hatch variables from this population using in-house aviculture and veterinary records, and then compared them between chicks with a...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether toe sliding is more likely to cause knee injuries than flatfoot sliding in curling. METHODS Twelve curlers participated in the study, each delivering 12 stones. Six stones per volunteer were delivered using a flatfoot slide and six were delivered using a toe slide. The Pedar-X in-shoe pressure system recorded the plantar pressure durin...