The cathodic reduction of SiO2 in KCl-CaCl2-NaCl-MgCl2 melt was studied using tungsten wires as working electrodes. The results of cyclic voltammetry square wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometry showed that the cathodic deposition of silicon is a quasi-reversible diffusion-controlled reaction, followed by a four electrons transfer step. The results of current reversal chronopotentiometry and...

The germination responses of Hordeum ulgare seeds to saline stress caused by different salt types was studied. For this, 25 seeds of mentioned species were placed on filter paper in Petri dishes containing distilled water (control), 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 and 420 mM. saline solution of NaCl, CaCl2 an KCl. The results indicated that saline levels effects were significant (P < 0.05) for seed...

The fractal dimension, Df, of aggregates in a dilute BSA system with added salt was evaluated by static light scattering (SLS). A fractal structure was observed for the system with NaCl addition. The values of Df increased with increasing heating time and ionic strength. The values of Df were larger than those (Df = 1.8 or 2.1) predicted by the conventional cluster-cluster aggregation model, pr...

Seed priming has proved to be an effective pre-germination seed invigoration technique for different crops improve and seedling performance under abiotic stresses. In Bangladesh, winter rice is very often exposed cold waves just after sowing in the nursery bed resulting poor germination emergence, yellowish thin seedlings production, a low survival rate. may mitigate stress during emergence hel...

This paper reports the first investigation of the dependence of AC electro-osmosis (ACEO) on the solution chemistry. It is argued that classical dilute-solution theory breaks down in ACEO, since the large applied voltage leads to ion crowding near the electrode surfaces. A modified theory is proposed with steric effects (finite ion sizes) and a charge-dependent viscoelectric effect, which predi...

CaZrO3 nanoceramics were successfully synthesized at 700 C using the molten salt method, and the effects of processing parameters, such as temperature, holding time, and amount of salt on the crystallization of CaZrO3 were investigated. CaCl2, Na2CO3, and nano-ZrO2 were used as starting materials. On heating, CaCl2–NaCl molten eutectic salt provided a liquid medium for the reaction of CaCO3 an...

A thermodynamic approach was adopted for determining the stoichiometry of the cardiac Na-Ca exchange system. Vesicles were equilibrated with 0.1 mM 45CaCl2 in a medium containing 30 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl, and 110 mM LiCl. The vesicles were then treated with valinomycin and diluted into media containing the same 45CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations as in the equilibration medium but with the external KC...