Given the intractability of exhaustively verifying software, the use of runtime-verification, to verify single execution paths at runtime, is becoming popular. Although the use of runtime verification is increasing in industrial settings, various challenges still are to be faced to enable it to spread further. We present dynamic communicating automata with timers and events to describe properti...

REGAN (1916: 140, pI. 7, fig. 5) based the description of a distinctive new eel larva, Leptocephalus acuticeps, on a single 47-mm specimen from the South Atlantic. He did not attempt to allocate this larva within the eel classification, but D'Ancona (1928 :109) and Bertin (1936 :7) assigned it to the Congridae. Although no additional specimens of 1. acuticeps appear to have been reported since ...

The final stadium larva of Drepanosticta ?attala Lieftinck, is described and illustrated based on a single male specimen collected at Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, Brunei. The larva was identified by matching the mitochondrial marker COI with that of known adult specimens. The larva presented a good match with both D. attala and D. barbatula Lieftinck in this gene, but as adults of only ...

The taxonomic knowledge about immature stages of the insect order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) is rather limited in tropical America. Here, the larvae of Epigomphus jannyae Belle, 1993 and E. tumefactus Calvert, 1903 are described, figured, and compared with other described congeners. E. jannyae larva is characterized by 3rd antennomere 1.6 times longer than its widest part; ligula ver...

Ganaspis xanthopoda is a solitary larval parasitoid wasp of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The life cycle of Ganaspis xanthopoda in the wild-type and developmental mutant ecdysoneless strains of Drosophila melanogaster is described. The female infects a second-instar host larva. The parasitoid embryo hatches into a mobile first-instar (L1) larva. The L1 parasitoid has fleshy appendages ...

New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides use tools made from sticks or leaf stems to 'fish' woodboring beetle larvae from their burrows in decaying wood. Previous research on this behaviour has been confined to baited sites, leaving its ecological context and significance virtually unexplored. To obtain detailed observations of natural, undisturbed tool use, we deployed motion-triggered video c...

This study was conducted to investigate the metabolic defensive mechanism in the larvae of African palm weevil (Rynchophorus phoenicis) administered with dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethylphosphate) solution. Bioassay experiment with dichlorvos was conducted on the larva and glutathione-utilizing enzyme activities were determined in the major organs: fat body, gut, and head of R. phoenicis ...

A mechanistic understanding of animal navigation requires quantitative assessment of the sensorimotor strategies used during navigation and quantitative assessment of how these strategies are regulated by cellular sensors. Here, we examine thermotactic behavior of the Drosophila melanogaster larva using a tracking microscope to study individual larval movements on defined temperature gradients....

Given the intractability of exhaustively verifying software, the use of runtime-verification to verify single execution paths at runtime, is becoming increasingly popular in industrial settings. In this paper we present dynamic communicating automata with timers and events to describe properties of systems, implemented in LARVA, an event-based runtime verification tool for monitoring temporal a...

The auricularia larva of sea cucumbers and tornaria larva of acorn worms share striking developmental and morphological similarities. They are regarded as not only an archetype of the nonchordate deuterostome larva, but also an archetype of the origin of chordates. Here we report the characterization and spatial expression patterns of the BMP-2/4 genes of a hemichordate acorn worm (Pf-bmp2/4) a...