A PCR method suitable for the isolation of lipase genes directly from environmental DNA is described. The problems associated with the low levels of similarity between lipase genes were overcome by extensive analysis of conserved regions and careful primer design. Using this method, a lipase gene (oli-lipase) was isolated directly from environmental DNA. This lipase showed less than 20% similar...

To oli showed that every cellular automaton of an arbitrary dimension d can be embedded into a reversible cellular automaton of dimension d+1. He asked \whether an arbitrary cellular automaton can be embedded in a reversible one having the same number of dimensions" and conjectured that this is not possible. We show that his conjecture is true. Even if one imposes only a weak, natural condition...

Michel e C eccarelli Isti t uto di Ri cerca sui Sist emi In form atici Perelleli, IR SIP-CNR 80125 Nap oli, It aly Ab stract. Additive automata are analyzed and used as associative memories. Th eir storage capacity is comput ed as well as the attrac tion basin of each memorized pattern. We show how such systems can be used when the patterns to be memorized have a subset of relevant features; "s...

The nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA of a cytoplasmic "petite" mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. The DNA has a repeat length of 1060 base pairs and contains a genetic marker (oli-1) for the ATPase proteolipid. The nucleotide sequence reveals the presence of part of the structural gene of the subunit-9 proteolipid of the ATPase complex and an extended A+T-rich region adjace...

Reversible logic functions can be realized as networks of Toffoli gates. The synthesis of To oli networks can be divided into two steps. First, nd a network that realizes the desired function is determined. Second, transform the network such that it uses fewer gates, while realizing the same function. This paper addresses the second step. Transformations are accomplished via template matching. ...

Four oligonucleotide sequences are missing from S2 Table of the published article. Please view the correct S2 Table here. S2 Table. List of oligonucleotides used in the experiments. Listed are the sequences of all oli-gonucleotides used in the experiments together with their modifications in the 3 0-free and 5 0-free ends respectively. open access article distributed under the terms of the Crea...

MNEs from emerging economies (EE MNEs) have recently undertaken aggressive cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). This phenomenon challenges the current understanding in the international business literature. Integrating the comparative advantage theory with Dunning’s OLI paradigm, this article develops a comparative ownership advantage framework characterized by five attributes: (1) nat...