A dynamical relationship that connects the extratropical tropopause potential temperature and the nearsurface distribution of equivalent potential temperature was proposed in a previous study and was found to work successfully in capturing the annual cycle of the extratropical tropopause in reanalyses. This study extends the diagnosis of the moisture–tropopause relationship to an ensemble of CM...

In this paper it is shown that no public announcement scheme that can be modeled in Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) can solve the Russian Cards Problem (RCP) in one announcement. Since DEL is a general model for any public announcement scheme [11], [3], [6], [21], [12] we conclude that there exist no single announcement solution to the RCP. The proof demonstrates the utility of DEL in proving low...

This study aims to understand the relative roles of external forcing versus internal climate variability in causing the observed Barents Sea winter sea ice extent (SIE) decline since 1979. We identify major discrepancies in the spatial patterns of winter Northern Hemisphere sea ice concentration trends over the satellite period between observations and CMIP5 multi-model mean externally forced r...

Power spectra of global surface temperature (GST) records (available since 1850) reveal major periodicities at about 9.1, 10–11, 19–22 and 59–62 years. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) (IPCC AR5 2013) are not able to reconstruct this variability. From 2000 to 2013.5 a GST plateau is observed while the GCMs predicted a warming rate of about 2 ...

The Kaidu River Basin (KRB) is located on the central southern slope of Tianshan Mountain in Northwest China. This work aimed to assess changes and main drivers snowmelt-driven runoff KRB associated with three future climate scenarios. Six versions "Cemaneige" snowmelt module embedded hydrological model "GR4J" were calibrated evaluated. bias-corrected datasets from CMIP5 Models used drive optim...

An extension of the linear complementarity problem (LCP) of mathematical programming is the so-called rational complementarity problem (RCP). This problem occurs if com-plementarity conditions are imposed on input and output variables of linear dynamical in-put/state/output systems. The resulting dynamical systems are called linear complementar-ity systems. Since the RCP is crucial both in issu...

An extension of the linear complementarity problem (LCP) of mathematical programming is the so-called rational complementarity problem (RCP). This problem occurs if complementarity conditions are imposed on input and output variables of linear dynamical input/state/output systems. The resulting dynamical systems are called linear complementarity systems. Since the RCP is crucial both in issues ...