Americans spend between $3.5 and $5 billion annually on herbal treatments, and nearly 50 million individuals currently report use of botanical supplements. With so many herbal products on the market, it is imperative that physicians thoroughly question patients with regard to supplement use. Physicians must understand the benefits and risks associated with medicinal herbs and counsel patients a...

Imunitas merupakan suatu reaksi pertahanan tubuh terhadap bahan asing, terdapat kondisi dimana sistem imun dapat terganggu sehingga menyebabkan penyakit seperti autoimun, alergi, dan imunodefisiensi. Saat ini obat sintetik yang mengobati kelainan imun, tetapi sintesik memiliki efek samping. Sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif penggunaannya dinilai lebih aman. Asteraceae suku tumbuhan terb...

BACKGROUND Nitrites are mainly used in food preservation. These materials could change to nitrosamine due to the effect of heat and gastric acid. Nitrosamine is absorbed in intestine and enters the liver and hepatocytes by portal venous system, and hampers the detoxification system of liver by interfering in cytochrome P450 enzymes, so, the liver gently proceeds to cirrhosis and cancer. OBJEC...

Since years ago, phytopharmaceutical drugs have been used by various societies, as a traditional treatment. Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) is the best known of the dozen or so species of the genus Echinacea, a group of perennial prairie wildflowers native to the central grasslands of North American. E. purpurea is cultivated widely throughout the United states, Canada and Europe, although it h...