This paper provides theoretical and experimental studies of radio-frequency (RF) photonics processing techniques applicable in subcarrier-multiplexed optical-label switching (OLS) communications systems. The paper provides an overview of various label-coding technologies and introduces subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) as an attractive technology for OLS networks. All-optical-label extraction using...

هدف: هدف این پژوهش مقایسه اثربخشی امیددرمانی و معنویت درمانی بر کیفیت زندگی، قند خون فشار زنان میانسال مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو بود. روش: حاضر نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس پیگیری گروه گواه جامعه آماری شامل تمام 2 مراجعه کننده مرکز تحقیقات دیابت، متابولیسم غدد شهر تهران در سال 1399 بودند که ‏45 نفر شیوه نمونه‌گیری دسترس انتخاب صورت تصادفی آزمایش یک (هر 15 نفر) قرار گرفتند. ابزار پرسشنامه کوتاه...

In this appendix we expand the explanation in Subsection 4.3.1. The IV estimate of the export elasticity to finance is 7.8 times larger than the OLS estimate. We expect the attenuation bias of the OLS estimator to be of the such order of magnitude. This is why. We are interested in the following model of supply-induced variation in exports —demand variation is absorbed by the product-destinatio...

Instrumental Variables (IV) estimates are frequently used to correct Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates for simultaneity bias. This paper argues that in many instances, in particular when the endogenous variable is a dummy variable, the measure derived overestimates the effect. It presents a simple method for obtaining a correct estimate and applies this method to data of voluntary health i...

The chromium-catalyzed enantioselective addition of carbo halides to carbonyl compounds is an important transformation in organic synthesis. However, the corresponding catalytic enantioselective arylation of ketones has not been reported to date. Herein, we report the first Cr-catalyzed enantioselective addition of aryl halides to both arylaliphatic and aliphatic ketones with high enantioselect...

To investigate the degree of absorption of flavan-3-ols in the small intestine, human subjects with an ileostomy ingested 200 mg of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, after which ileal fluid and urine, collected over a 24-h period, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. The data obtained indicated that although approximate...

Recently, the stable light products and radiance calibrated products from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) have been useful for mapping global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at fine spatial resolution. However, few studies on this subject were conducted with the new-generation nighttime light data from the Visible Infrared Imaging R...

Since monumental studies from scientists like His, Ramón y Cajal, Lorente de Nó and many others have put down roots for modern neuroscience, the scientific community has spent a considerable amount of time, and money, investigating any possible aspect of the evolution, development and function of neurons. Today, the complexity and diversity of myriads of neuronal populations, and their progenit...

This article deals with a very simple issue: if we have grouped data with a binary dependent variable and want to include fixed effects (group specific intercepts) in the specification, is Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) in any way superior to a (conditional) logit form? In particular, what are the consequences of using OLS instead of a fixed effects logit model with respect to the latter dropping...

This paper investigates the long-run relationship among new hiring, unemployment (job seekers), and unfilled vacancies in Japan, using an annual panel data on 47 prefectures for 1972-1999. We find that these three variables are Ið1Þ processes, and are cointegrated in our panel data. Further, we estimate the panel cointegration equation derived from a Cobb-Douglas matching function by the hetero...