We use the cluster variation method (CVM) to investigate the phase structure of the 3d gonihedric Ising actions defined by Savvidy and Wegner. The geometrical spin cluster boundaries in these systems serve as models for the string worldsheets of the gonihedric string embedded in Z 3. The models are interesting from the statistical mechanical point of view because they have a vanishing bare surf...

In this study, a discrete inverted Topp-Leone (DITL) distribution is proposed by utilizing the survival discretization approach. The distribution's mathematical features were derived. maximum likelihood (ML), method of least squares (LS), weighted (WLS), and Cramer Von-Mises (CVM) estimation techniques used to estimate parameter. theoretical results ML, LS, WLS, CVM estimators demonstrated via ...

The ability of mucus to function as a protective barrier at mucosal surfaces rests on its viscous and elastic properties, which are not well understood at length scales relevant to pathogens and ultrafine environmental particles. Here we report that fresh, undiluted human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) transitions from an impermeable elastic barrier to non-adhesive objects sized 1 microm and larger...

A follow-up study of colour vision in two patients with gyrate atrophy was performed. Gyrate atrophy was diagnosed in the first patient at the age of 17 years. Her colour vision was first tested at the age of 25 years; at the follow-up examination 7 years later, she correctly interpreted the Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2, however, with one mistake due to lens opacity. In the Farnswo...

One of the biggest challenges in characterizing 2-D image topographies is finding a low-dimensional parameter set that can succinctly describe, not so much patterns themselves, but nature these patterns. The cluster variation method (CVM), introduced by Kikuchi 1951, characterize very local pattern distributions using configuration variables, identifying nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor,...