Two DNA markers, a random DNA fragment 754 and the cDNA sequence encoding the gene for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) have been studied in kindreds segregating for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 754 and OTC are located close physically to the mutation in the region Xp21 below the breakpoints in two Duchenne females. The genetic distance was found to be approximately 10cM between 754 and DMD (tw...

The fate of antibiotic residues in the manure of treated animals is of considerable concern because of the potential development of antibioticresistant bacteria in the environment and because of the effect of these residues on manure treatment systems. The objective of this study was to determine the fate and effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) during the anaerobic digestion of manure from medicate...

Antimicrobial resistance is recognised as a growing problem that seriously threatens public health and requires prompt action. Concerns have therefore been raised about the potential harmful effects of making antibiotics available without prescription. Because of the very serious concerns regarding further spread of resistance, the over-the-counter (OTC) availability of antibiotics was analysed...

OBJECTIVE To ascertain if monitoring over-the-counter (OTC) drug sales could provide a timely syndromic surveillance method of detecting outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness. METHOD This study evaluated the potential of a syndromic surveillance system by comparing retrospective pharmacy OTC sales of anti-nauseants and anti-diarrheals to emergency room visits and case numbers from two Canadia...

counter (OTC) product. After debate the case against won the day by 34 to 31 votes. A narrow margin, but it was an impressive victory; before the debate all the dermatologists that I questioned had said that licensing hydrocortisone as an OTC product was "probably all right." Several pharmaceutical companies are keen to introduce 1% hydrocortisone as a topical product for sale to the public wit...

OBJECTIVE In April, May, and June 2003, we conducted market research with decision makers from 3 payer segments to determine their perspectives on the potential introduction of statins to the U.S. over-the-counter (OTC) market. METHODS We selected a convenience sample of survey participants based upon prominence in the market, membership size, and by willingness to participate in our study. T...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the costs of commonly used treatments for cutaneous warts, as well as their health benefits and risk. To create an economic decision model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these treatments, and, as a result, assess whether a randomised controlled trial (RCT) would be feasible and cost-effective. DATA SOURCES Focus groups, structured interviews and observation of pr...

We enrolled 382 college-age women in a cross-sectional survey to investigate the relationship between use of over-the-counter (OTC) azole-based antifungal drugs and vaginal colonization by drug-resistant Candida. This study showed no correlation (P=.506) between previous OTC exposure and colonization of drug-resistant Candida in vaginal flora. However, a small number of resistant Candida specie...

Antibiotics are overused across the world by prescription, self-medication or over the counter (OTC) availability. In the UK, the agenda to increase patient choice has stimulated a move towards greater availability of OTC antibiotics. This trend needs to be urgently reviewed and controlled. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency is currently reviewing applications for reclassif...