background: cadmium has toxicological significance and there is no effective therapy for its poisoning. objective: the effects of silymarin on the parameters indicative of cadmium-induced toxicity were studied in rats. methods: 130 adult male wistar rats were divided into 13 groups each comprising 10 rats. 1 group as control group was not administered neither cadmium nor silymarin. cadmium chlo...

background and objectives: the seed extract of silybum marianum contains seven flavonolignans known collectively as silymarin. these metabolites can be produced in hairy root cultures of s. marianum. the effect of different physical factors can change root biomass and silymarin production which has been investigated in the present study. methods: the effect of different physical factors of temp...

elicitation with middle-viscous chitosan (30 mg/50 ml) significantly stimulated silymarin synthesis in silybum marianum hairy root cultures. the root cultures established by infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes ar15834 showed a potential for production of silymarin. elicitation with medium molecular weight of chitosan (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/50 ml) was used in order to improve silymarin pro...

background and objectives: silymarin is a unique flavonoid complex with documented hepatoprotective properties. silybum  marianum hairy root culture as a source for producing silymarin has been an important strategy for study the cell signaling pathway. in the present investigation trichoderma strains- silybum marianum hairy root cultures interactions have been studied. methods: the effects of ...

silymarin production by hairy root culture of milk thistle (silybum marianum l. gaertn) was investigated using agrobacterium rhizogenes ar15834. hairy roots were induced by injection or inoculation of explants with a. rhizogenes. one month old hairy roots were dissected from the explants and grown in murashing and skoog (ms) liquid medium. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using the b gene and th...

cardiac disorders remain one of the most important causes of death in the world. oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the molecular mechanisms involved in drug-induced cardiac toxicity. recently, several natural products have been utilized in different studies with the aim to protect the progression of oxidative stress-induced cardiac disorders. there is a large body of evidence that a...

Shikimic acid and its role in the formation of aromatic amino acids, benzoic acids, and cinnamic acids is described, along with further modifications leading to lignans and lignin, phenylpropenes, and coumarins. Combinations of the shikimate pathway and the acetate pathway are responsible for the biosynthesis of styrylpyrones, flavonoids and stilbenes, flavonolignans, and isoflavonoids. Terpeno...

The medicinal plants find application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industry. The efficacy of some herbal products is beyond doubt, the most recent examples being Silybum marianum (Linn.) Gaertn (silymarin), Artemisia annua Linn. (artemesinin) and Taxus baccata Linn. (taxol). Randomized, controlled trials have proved the efficacy of some established remedies, for instance Z...