The structurally related cell adhesion molecules L1 and Nr-CAM have overlapping expression patterns in cerebellar granule cells. Here we analyzed their involvement in granule cell development using mutant mice. Nr-CAM-deficient cerebellar granule cells failed to extend neurites in vitro on contactin, a known ligand for Nr-CAM expressed in the cerebellum, confirming that these mice are functiona...

The possible causal role of the nasal mucosa and nasal allergy in chronic otitis media with or without effusion was studied in 38 young adults by means of nasal provocation tests (NPT) with various inhalant allergens, performed by rhinomanometry and combined with tympanometry. The parameters were recorded before and up to 56 hrs after the allergen challenge. Of the 38 patients in whom 109 NPTs ...

Nitrate reductase (NR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of nitrate assimilation. It is well known that the expression of NR genes is rapidly induced in various plants by nitrate. Previously, the activity of a tobacco NR gene promoter was reported to be high in tobacco plants grown on medium containing ammonium as the sole nitrogen source, but low in tobacco plants grown on nitrate-co...

The activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) regulates the composition of excitatory synapses and mediates multiple forms of synaptic and structural plasticity. In the superficial superior colliculus (sSC) of the rat, NR activity is essential for the full refinement of retinotopy during development. We have examined the NR's role in synaptic development by chronically treating the sSC...

Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are transcription factors responsible for mediating the biological effects of hormones during development, metabolism, and homeostasis. Induction of NR target genes is accomplished through the assembly of hormone-bound NR complexes at target promoters and coincides with changes in histone modifications that promote transcription. Some coactivators and corepressor...

 The NMDA receptor complex (NR) is one of the main targets of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamic acid. A partial block of the NR by protons even at physiological pH can by removed by the natural polyamines (PAs) spermidine and spermine. Several unbranched diamines as arcaine and 1,12-dodecanediamine (N12N) seem to block the NR (at least to some extent) via the same mechanism (polyamine i...

Increased fear memory generalization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, but the circuit mechanisms that regulate memory specificity remain unclear. Here, we define a neural circuit-composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, the nucleus reuniens (NR), and the hippocampus-that controls fear memory generalization. Inactivation of prefrontal inputs into the NR or direct silencing of N...

BACKGROUND Inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is altered in chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Duration of changes after pegylated interferon- (peg-IFN-) based HCV treatment is unclear. METHODS PBMC mRNA expression of 184 inflammatory response genes was analyzed (nCounter GX Human Inflammation Kit, Nanostring) from peg-IFN treatment nonresponder...

In order to study the variation of nitrate reductase (NR) genes among grass species, gene number, intron size and number, and the heme-hinge fragment sequence of 25 grass species were compared. Genomic DNA cut with six restriction enzymes and hybridized with the barley NAD(P)H and NADH NR gene probes revealed a single NAD(P)H NR gene copy and two or more NADH NR gene copies per haploid genome i...

60% of chronic caval dogs with ascites did not respond to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (75 ng kg-' * min-') with a natriuresis (TIVC-NR; AUNaV = 2±0.8 ,geq/min) whereas the remaining 40% responded normally (TIVC-R; AUNaV = 216±50 Ateq/min). Since proximal tubule neutral endopeptidase 24:11 (NEP) destroys most of intrarenal luminal ANP and kinins, we attempted to convert TIVC-NR into TIVC-R ...