BACKGROUND Cardiac transplantation (CTX) improves exercise tolerance, but CTX recipients still achieve only 50% to 70% of normal values for exercise capacity. Among the factors suggested to explain the reduced exercise tolerance in CTX recipients is deconditioning. Little is known about the relation between physical activity patterns and exercise test responses in CTX patients. METHODS Forty-...

Gliomas are primary brain tumors that arise from differentiated glial cells through a poorly understood malignant transformation. Although glioma cells retain some genetic and antigenic features common to glial cells, they show a remarkable degree of antigenic heterogeneity and variable mutations in their genome. Glioma cells have recently been shown to express a glioma-specific chloride ion ch...

INTRODUCTION CTX-M enzymes are the most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Brazil and around the world. The spread of CTX-M lies in their ability to be mobilized by insertion sequences and integrons. This study aimed to identify the mobile genetic structures associated with bla(CTX-M) genes from clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight clinical non-clo...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is the result of dysregulation of mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses. Factors such as genetic, microbial and environmental are involved in the development of these disorders. Accordingly, animal models that mimic human diseases are tools for the understanding the immunological processes of the IBD as well as to evaluate new therapeutic strategies. Cro...

BACKGROUND The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to the commonly used beta-lactam antimicrobials and ESBL-producing bacteria render treatment difficulty in human and veterinary medicine. ESBL-producing bacteria have emerged in livestock in recent years, which may raise concerns regarding possible transfer of such bacteria through the food chain. The swine in...

CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that are capable of inhibiting the antimicrobial effects of cephalosporin drugs. Recently, the first domestically acquired Salmonella in the United States expressing bla(CTX-M) was reported. This is a concern because expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for invasive Gram-negative infections, including ...

BACKGROUND Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disorder of bile acid synthesis that can cause progressive neurological damage and premature death. Detection of CTX in the newborn period would be beneficial since an effective treatment is available. We previously described a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) test with potenti...

Cancer chemotherapy regimens, particularly those employing high-dose cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CTX), have been considered to be immune suppressive. However, we observed that a single administration of high-dose CTX abolished tumors arising from subcutaneous injection of a mouse hepatoma cell line and subsequently induced specific tumor immunity. Depletion of T cells, specificall...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) becomes a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Adriamycin- (ADR-) induced rodent chronic nephropathy is a classic experimental model of human minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome. The present study investigated the effect of cobrotoxin (CTX) on ADR-induced nephropathy. Rats were given 6 mg/kg ADR once through the tail vein to replicate ADR nephropat...

Although manipulation of second messenger systems is widespread in cell biology, there are few experiments examining the consequences of such manipulation on behavior. In three separate experiments, we extended earlier work by Miller and Kelly (1975) that examined the behavioral effects of microinfusion of cholera toxin (CTX) into the nucleus accumbens (N. Acc.) in rats. CTX is a bacterial toxi...