INTRODUCTION Optical techniques are routinely used to size and count extracellular vesicles (EV). For comparison of data from different methods and laboratories, suitable calibrators are essential. A suitable calibrator must have a refractive index (RI) as close to that of EV as possible but the RI of EV is currently unknown. To measure EV, RI requires accurate knowledge of size and light scatt...

In this paper we survey recent works on rational inattention (RI) in macroeconomics within the dynamic linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) setting. We first discuss how RI affects consumption smoothness and sensitivity, precautionary savings, asset pricing, portfolio choice, and aggregate fluctuations in the univariate case. We then discuss the applications of RI to macroeconomic models of permanen...

This paper is focus on to design a sampling system with minimum sampling rate for signals in the shift invariant Hilbert space. To achieve this goal, we propose a method to calculate the Rate of Innovation (RI) of signals in the Hilbert space. The RI is then used to identify a suitable sampling kernel as well as the sampling rate for a specific signal. We show that the RI of the kernel should b...

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Xiao C Zhang1*, Scott Pasichow1, Melissa Bowler2 and David Lindquist3 1Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Emergency Medicine Residency, Providence, RI, USA 2Providence Improv Guild, Providence, RI, USA 3Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Providence, RI,USA *Corresponding author: Xiao C Zhang, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Emergency ...

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vertebrobasilar insufficiency is the cause of cerebrovascular accidents in 20% of cases. there are few reports regarding spectral doppler indices (sdis) of vertebral arteries (vas) normal blood flow. the objective of this study was to provide basic reference data about sdis of vas normal blood flow separately and in comparison with internal carotid arteries (icas) and common carotid arteries (c...