Female circumcision/female genital mutilation (FC/FGM) is the collective name given to several different traditional practices that involve the cutting of female genitals. The WHO has grouped them in four categories: type 1: Clitoridectomy; type 2: Excision; type 3: Infibulation; and type 4: Unclassified. Reports indicate that an estimated 130 million girls and women have undergone FC/FGM and...

OBJECTIVES The aim was to characterize the behaviour and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) responses of six cats (Felis catus) to single caging for 30 days. DESIGN In this observational study, changes in outcome measures were monitored with habituation to caging. Continuous focal observations of the activity, location in the cage, and posture were conducted from video recordings for one ...

BACKGROUND Public and policy attention to female genital mutilation (FGM) in diaspora communities has increased in Europe, but research remains limited and misinformation abounds. As a first step to addressing these issues, this study explored FGM prevention and response interventions in Europe, using a scoping literature review and key informant interviews. METHODS A scoping study design was...

in this paper, an analytical solution for computing the linear plastic stresses and critical pressure in a fgm hollow cylinder under the internal pressure due to non-axisymmetric loads is developed. it has been assumed that the modulus of elasticity was varying through thickness of the fgm material according to a power law relationship. the poisson's ratio was considered constant throughou...

In this paper, static analysis of two dimensional functionally graded plates based on three dimensional theory of elasticity is investigated. Graded finite element method has been used to solve the problem. The effects of power law exponents on static behavior of a fully clamped 2D-FGM plate have been investigated. The model has been compared with result of a 1D-FGM plate for different boundary...

OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability of self reported form of female genital mutilation (FGM) and to compare the extent of cutting verified by clinical examination with the corresponding World Health Organization classification. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTINGS One paediatric hospital and one gynaecological outpatient clinic in Khartoum, Sudan, 2003-4. PARTICIPANTS 255 girls aged 4-9...

This article examines the nexus between Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and three thematic/fundamental areas of women sexual functioning in the study location. These thematic areas are women’s sexual desire/initiation, sexual activity and sexual satisfaction/enjoyment. To achieve the objectives of the study, a cross-sectional survey research method was adopted and 350 questionnaires were admini...

The longevity of hip prostheses is contingent on the stability of the implant within the cavity of the femur bone. The cemented fixation was mostly adopted owing to offering the immediate stability from cement-stem and cement-bone bonding interfaces after implant surgery. Yet cement damage and stress shielding of the bone were proven to adversely affect the lifelong stability of the implant, es...

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are the advanced materials with varing properties in dimensions. These are made of two or more constituent phases with continuous and smoothly varying composition in preferred directions. The properties of material depend on the spatial position in the structure of material. These materials are gaining attention for biomedical application as biomaterials owi...

This paper deals with the thermo-mechanical deformation behavior of shear deformable functionally graded ceramicmetal (FGM) plates. Theoretical formulations are based on higher order shear deformation theory with a considerable amendment in the transverse displacement using finite element method (FEM). The mechanical properties of the plate are assumed to be temperaturedependent and graded in t...