In this work, we investigate the axionlike particle (ALP)-photon oscillation effect in spectra of blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using 4.5 years Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing (ARGO-YBJ) and Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) data. These data are collected during common operation time, which cover ten activity phases Mrk 421. No significant ALP-photon is...

The X-ray emission in BL Lac objects is believed to be dominated by synchrotron from their relativistic jets. However, when the jet not strong, one could expect signatures of inverse Compton scattering accretion disc photons corona. Moreover, observed variability can also originate disc, and gets propagated amplified jet. Here, we present results on object Mrk 421 using NuSTAR data acquired dur...

The importance of microRNAs for maintaining stability in the developing vertebrate heart has recently become apparent. In addition, there is a growing appreciation for the significance of microRNAs in developmental pathology, including the formation of congenital heart defects. We examined the expression of microRNAs in right ventricular (RV) myocardium from infants with idiopathic tetralogy of...

Bacterial levansucrases produce β(2,6)-linked levan-type polysaccharides using sucrose or sucrose analogues as donor/acceptor substrates. However, the dominant reaction of Bacillus megaterium levansucrase (Bm-LS) is hydrolysis. Single domain levansucrases from Gram-positive bacteria display a wide substrate-binding pocket with open access to water, challenging engineering for transfructosylatio...

Very high energy gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac object Markarian 421 has been detected over three observing seasons on 59 nights between April 1992 and June 1994 with the Whipple 10-meter imaging Cherenkov telescope. During its initial detection in 1992, its flux above 500 GeV was 1.6×10−11photons cm−2 s−1. Observations in 1993 confirmed this level of emission. For observations made between...

Context. BL Lac objects undergo strong flux variations involving considerable changes in their spectral shapes. We specifically investigate the X-ray spectral evolution of Mrk 421 over a time span of about nine years. Aims. We aim at statistically describing and physically understanding the large spectral changes in X rays observed in Mrk 421 over this time span. Methods. We perform a homogeneo...