A mucus layer coats the gastrointestinal tract and serves as the first line of intestinal defense against infection. N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing molecules produced by gram-negative bacteria in the gut can influence the homeostasis of intestinal epithelium. In this study, we investigated the effects of two representative long- and short-chain AHLs, N-3-(oxododecanoyl)-homoseri...

The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, was found to produce palmarumycins C12 and C13 which possess a great variety of biological activities. Seven biocompatible water-immiscible organic solvents including n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, liquid paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid were evaluated to improve palmarumycins C...

Seventy-one human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with tuberculosis who were receiving a rifampin (rifampicin)-containing regimen were initiated on treatment with efavirenz at 600 mg/day plus stavudine-lamivudine. Fasting efavirenz concentrations at 12 h after dosing (C12) were monitored. The mean +/- standard deviation efavirenz C12 at weeks 6 and 12 and after rifampin discontinuation...

Within a flexible regression model (Hamilton, 2001) we offer a battery of new Lagrange multiplier statistics that circumvent the problem of unidentified nuisance parameters under the null hypothesis of linearity and that are robust to the specification of the covariance function that defines the random field. These advantages are the result of (i) switching from the L2 to the L1 norm; and (ii) ...

We consider testing about the slope parameter β when Y −Xβ is assumed to be an exchangeable process conditionally on X. This framework encompasses the semi-parametric linear regression model. We show that the usual Fisher’s procedure have non trivial exact rejection bound under the null hypothesis Rβ = γ. This bound derives from the Markov inequality and a close inspection of multivariate momen...

The traditional M test requires a consistent estimation of the asymptotic variancecovariance matrix of the estimated moments (the AVC matrix). By extending the approach of Kiefer, Vogelsang, and Bunzel (KVB; 2000, Econometrica), Kuan and Lee (KL; 2006, Journal of the American Statistical Association) contributed a new type of M test without the AVC matrix estimation but with recursive model est...

Given that one-sided hypothesis tests are more powerful than their two-sided counterparts, model selection procedures that employ one-sided information should outperform those that do not. In the frequentist area of econometrics, perhaps the most popular model selection procedures are those based on estimates of the Kullback-Leibler information, Akaike’s (1973) Information Criterion (AIC) being...

This paper is concerned with the power of tests for regime switching. Asymptotic results are currently available only for the null distribution, and this distribution is dependent on the underlying parameter space. This paper addresses the lack of asymptotic results. The asymptotic behavior of the test statistic is determined under a full range of drifting sequences of true distributions. The r...

This paper develops a method for testing for the presence of a single structural break in dynamic panel data models with a multi-factor error structure. The test statistic is developed by combining a modified version of the GMM approach of Robertson and Sarafidis (2015) with the testing procedure of De Wachter and Tzavalis (2012). We focus on the case where N is large and T fixed. The asymptoti...