k-Interval Routing Scheme (k-IRS) is a compact routing method that allows up to k interval labels to be assigned to an arc; and global k-IRS allows not more than a total of k interval labels in the whole network. A fundamental problem is to characterize the networks that admit k-IRS (or global k-IRS). Many of the problems related to single-shortest-path k-IRS have already been shown to be NP-co...

To assess the role of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, and IRS-2 genes in insulin resistance, we explored the genomic DNA in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a variable degree (mean +/- SE) of insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance [HOMA(IR)] 3.2 +/- 0.6, n = 53; control subjects 1.56 +/- 0.34, n = 102) using direct sequ...

IRS-1 is a unique cytosolic protein that becomes tyrosine phosphorylated during insulin stimulation of intact cells and immediately associates with the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PtdIns 3'-kinase). The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor also mediated the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and increased the amount of PtdIns 3'-kinase activity bound to IRS-1 in Chinese hamster ovar...

The function of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is regulated by both tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of some serine/threonine residues in IRS-1 dampens insulin signaling, whereas phosphorylation of other serine/threonine residues enhances insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of human IRS-1 at Ser(629) was increased by insulin in Chinese hamster ovary cells expr...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the literature to date on the rates of infusion reactions (IR) associated with chemotherapies and monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug therapies used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and the associated clinical and economic impact. METHODS This study searched Medline, Medline (R) In-Process, Embase and Cochran...

See online version for legend and references. systemic IR Apparently normal intrauterine growth and development, severe hyperglycemia and hyperke-tonemia, perinatal death as the result of diabetic ketoacidosis within 48–72 hours IRS-1 Retarded embryonal and postnatal growth, insulin resistance, normal fasting glycemia and normal or mild glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia IRS-2 Insulin resist...

The analysis and optimization of single intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted systems have been extensively studied, whereas little is known regarding multiple-IRS-assisted systems. This paper investigates the a double-IRS cooperatively assisted downlink system (D-IRS-C), where multi-antenna base station (BS) serves single-antenna user with help two multi-element IRSs, connected by an i...

The pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) includes the development of insulin resistance and, at a later stage, impairment of b-cell response. In the past few years, different elements, including the proto-oncogene, Shc, and the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, have been found to have important roles in the insulin signaling network. Whithers et al. (1) have ...