We describe 2 children with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP) who have significant drooling and frequent aspiration pneumonia. They underwent simultaneous botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections to salivary glands for drooling and prevention of aspiration pneumonia along with single-event multilevel chemoneurolysis (SEMLC) with BTX-A and 5% phenol for severe diffuse spasticity. ...

Although it has been long accepted that innervation by a taste nerve is essential for maintenance of taste buds, it is not clear what role, if any, innervation plays in the morphogenesis of taste papillae and taste bud development. The following study was undertaken to determine what effects lack of sensory innervation have on the development of taste papillae and the formation of taste buds in...

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of treatment with BTX-A in quality of life of patients suffering from primary focal hyperhidrosis. Materials and Methods. A total of 119 patients (62 females and 57 males) between 18 and 65 years suffering from moderate to severe focal hyperhidrosis were treated with BTX-A. Thirty-nine patients suffered from axillary hyperhidrosis, 47 patient...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) has been successfully utilized to treat trigeminal neuralgia. In this study, through the use of a new technique, the efficacy of the injection of BTX-A to the maxillary and mandibular nerves was evaluated. METHODS A total of 27 patients were injected with 100 Units of BTX-A to the maxillary and mandibular nerves. Visual analogue scale score and pain f...

Poststroke hemiparesis, together with abnormal muscle tone, is a major cause of morbidity and disability. Although most hemiparetic patients are able to reach different ambulatory levels with rehabilitation efforts, upper and lower limb spasticity can impede activities of daily living, personal hygiene, ambulation and, in some cases, functional improvement. The goals of spasticity management in...

The most widespread animal model to investigate Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the mdx-mouse. In contrast to humans, phases of muscle degeneration are replaced by regeneration processes; hence there is only a restricted time slot for research. The aim of the study was to investigate if an intramuscular injection of BTX-A is able to break down muscle regeneration and has direct implications on t...

Na+ permeation through normal and batrachotoxin (BTX)-modified squid axon Na+ channels was characterized. Unmodified and toxin-modified Na+ channels were studied simultaneously in outside-out membrane patches using the cut-open axon technique. Current-voltage relations for both normal and BTX-modified channels were measured over a wide range of Na+ concentrations and voltages. Channel conductan...

Block of neurotransmission at the mammalian neuromuscular junction triggers an increase in the number of vesicles released (quantal content). The increase occurs whether nerve and muscle activity are both blocked by placement of a tetrodotoxin (TTX) containing cuff on the nerve or whether muscle activity is selectively blocked by injection of α-bungarotoxin (BTX). We used ANOVA to examine wheth...

BACKGROUND There is currently no consensus on the best way to localize muscles in the forearm for botulinum toxin (BTX) injection. We devised a study to compare electromyography (EMG) with local stimulation through a cannula for localizing forearm muscles for botulinum toxin (BTX) injection, and for predicting the risk of unwanted weakness in non-target muscles. METHODS In 12 patients with fo...

OBJECTIVES To correlate clinical and urodynamic findings with MRI in patients with spinal cord injury and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia who were consecutively treated with transperineal injections of botulinum-A toxin (BTX-A) under EMG control. METHODS Six patients with spinal cord injury and upper motor neuron bladder dysfunction associated with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia were prospecti...