Sea surface reservoir ages must be known to establish a common chronological framework for marine, continental, and cryospheric paleoproxies, and are crucial for understanding ocean-continent climatic relationships and the paleoventilation of the ocean. Radiocarbon dates of planktonic foraminifera and tephra contemporaneously deposited over Mediterranean marine and terrestrial regions reveal th...

Sudan I is generally considered mutagenic based on various in vitro and in vivo tests and is carcinogenic in the rat. Dose-response modelling of the data for hepatocellular adenomas in male rats gave a BMDL(10) of 7.3mg/kg-bw/day. Sudan I is an unauthorised substance that might be present in food intermittently. The great variability and uncertainties in the human exposure data which are countr...

Kinetic measurements were made with cortisone reductase (20-dihydrocortisone-NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.53) and a series of substrates which differed in shape, size and electronic character in the region adjacent to C-11, C-14 and C-18. Structural changes at C-11 in these substrates resulted in up to 660-fold changes in the apparent K(m) value, up to 200-fold changes in the apparent V(max....

The cause of a large increase of atmospheric methane concentration during the Younger Dryas-Preboreal abrupt climatic transition (approximately 11,600 years ago) has been the subject of much debate. The carbon-14 (14C) content of methane (14CH4) should distinguish between wetland and clathrate contributions to this increase. We present measurements of 14CH4 in glacial ice, targeting this transi...

Although this paper is self-contained, it logically follows our discussion, begun several years ago in N1706 and continued in N1891, of a feature oft-requested for C++: an opaque typedef , sometimes termed a strong typedef . The earlier of those works was presented to WG21 on 2004-10-20 during the Redmond meeting, and the later work was presented during the Berlin meeting on 2005-04-06. Both pr...

Surface winds and surface ocean hydrography in the subpolar North Atlantic appear to have been influenced by variations in solar output through the entire Holocene. The evidence comes from a close correlation between inferred changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon-14 and beryllium-10 and centennial to millennial time scale changes in proxies of drift ice measured in deep-...

Two cases of conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 34 (Ad34) are reported. The isolates were identified as Ad34 by the neutralization test and the PCR-sequence method of the hexon gene but as Ad14 by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The genome types of these two isolates were identical to that of Ad34a.

Basal till was identified in two sediment cores collected about 69 kilometers southeast of Nantucket Island on the east and west sides of Great South Channel. These are the first samples of till collected on the outer continental shelf off the northeastern United States. The carbon-14 age of the total organic carbon in the tills provides a "no older than" age of about 20,000 years before presen...

The ERG24 gene, encoding the C-14 sterol reductase, has been reported to be essential to the aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report here, however, that strains with null mutations in the ERG24 gene can grow on defined synthetic media in aerobic conditions. These sterol mutants produce ignosterol (ergosta-8,14-dienol) as the principal sterol, with no traces of ergosterol. In addit...

We propose a new swap operator on native types for incorporation into the C++1Y core language. For user-defined types, we propose that this new operator be treated as a special member function, and that, when viable, its presence provide an alternative to traditional memberwise implementation of defaulted assignment semantics.