Project AMALGAM explored a range of Partof-Speech tagsets and phrase structure parsing schemes used in modern English corpus-based research. The PoS-tagging schemes and parsing schemes include some which have been used for hand annotation of corpora or manual postediting of automatic taggers or parsers; and others which are unedited output of a parsing program. Project deliverables include: a d...

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the National Science Foundation, or the U.S. government. We are grateful to Alex Rudnicky from CMU for providing the training data to us and to Yifen Huang, CMU, for discussing the project with us. Abstract A variety o...

Even distribution of peroxisomes (POs) and lipid droplets (LDs) is critical to their role in lipid and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. How even distribution is achieved remains elusive, but diffusive motion and directed motility may play a role. Here we show that in the fungus Ustilago maydis ∼95% of POs and LDs undergo diffusive motions. These movements require ATP and involve bidirection...

Detecting and correcting POS annotation in the French TreeBank The quality of the Part-Of-Speech (POS) annotation in a corpus has a large impact on training and evaluating POS taggers. In this paper, we present a series of experiments that we have conducted on automatically detecting and correcting annotation errors in the French TreeBank. Two methods are used. The first simply relies on identi...

Part of speech (POS hereafter) is known to affect both duration and F0, such that, nouns are longer and higher in F0 than verbs. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the POS effects are actually a word frequency effect, and that this effect is predictable from information theory. We tested this hypothesis by comparing 44 phonologically matched noun-verb pairs in Mandarin. Results show th...

Unsupervised dependency parsing aims to learn a dependency grammar from text annotated with only POS tags. Various features and inductive biases are often used to incorporate prior knowledge into learning. One useful type of prior information is that there exist correlations between the parameters of grammar rules involving different POS tags. Previous work employed manually designed features o...

For Chinese POS tagging, word segmentation is a preliminary step. To avoid error propagation and improve segmentation by utilizing POS information, segmentation and tagging can be performed simultaneously. A challenge for this joint approach is the large combined search space, which makes efficient decoding very hard. Recent research has explored the integration of segmentation and POS tagging,...

PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) by photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and its effects on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). METHODS PGC-1α upregulation by POS was confirmed in ARPE-19 cells and in RPE ex vivo. To elucidate the mechanism, siRNAs against β5 integrin, CD36, Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), and...

This article presents a lexicalized HMM-based approach to Chinese part-of-speech (POS) disambiguation and unknown word guessing (UWG). In order to explore word-internal morphological features for Chinese POS tagging, four types of pattern tags are defined to indicate the way lexicon words are used in a segmented sentence. Such patterns are combined further with POS tags. Thus, Chinese POS disam...

The number of word forms in agglutinative languages is theoretically infinite and this variety in word forms introduces sparsity in many natural language processing tasks. Part-of-speech tagging (PoS tagging) is one of these tasks that often suffers from sparsity. In this paper, we present an unsupervised Bayesian model using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for joint PoS tagging and stemming for ag...