Parenteral opioids for pain relief during labor have been the subject of research for many decades. Commonly used systemic opioids provide limited pain relief during labor yet are used extensively for managing labor pain. These opioids share similar pharmacologic profiles but differ in potency, pharmacokinetics, and side effects. This article reviews the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and ...

The use of opioids in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain has escalated significantly in recent years. Long-term opioid use is problematic for many reasons, first: there is no evidence to support the long-term effectiveness of their use, second, opioids are well-known to be misused and abused among patients of all ages, and finally, opioids are associated with adverse events including opio...

A novel class of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for detecting opioid molecules is reported by Kayla E. Kroning and Wenjing Wang in their Research Article on page 13358. These are called SPOTIT (single-chain protein-based transmission indicator tool). Upon opioids, activated generates a persistent green fluorescence mark image analysis. will potentially be useful high-throughput screeni...

background: opium is a new source of lead and considered as a cause of lead poisoning. as anemia and lead poisoning affect growth and behavior negatively, their timely prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are essential. the aim of thi study is evaluation of the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and lead poisoning in children with opioid toxicity. materials and methods: in this cross...