The spotting lethal rat, a naturally occurring rodent model of Hirschsprung disease, carries a deletion in the endothelin-B receptor (EDNRB) gene that abrogates expression of functional EDNRB receptors. Rats homozygous for this mutation (sl) exhibit coat color spotting and congenital intestinal aganglionosis. These deficits result from failure of the neural crest-derived epidermal melanoblasts ...

As we enter the 21 century, the segment of the population that is the most rapidly expanding is that comprised of individuals 85 years of age and older. Dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, including dysphagia, constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome are more common complaints of the elderly, yet our knowledge of the aging GI tract is incomplete. Compared to the rapid ...

The Entity Name System (ENS) is a service aiming at providing globally unique URIs for all kinds of real-world entities such as persons, locations and products, based on descriptions of such entities. Because entity descriptions available to the ENS for deciding on entity identity—Do two entity descriptions refer to the same real-world entity?—are changing over time, the system has to revise it...

A major challenge in e-negotiation systems (ENS) is that the context of negotiation such as negotiators’ characteristics, negotiation processes and system support varies in each case. This context dependency makes it difficult to apply a single ENS to a wide variety of negotiations. In this paper, to mitigate the context dependency issue, we propose to adopt the componentoriented approach and t...

Emergency nurses (ENs) typically place peripheral intravenous (IV) lines, but if repeated attempts fail, patients usually receive central line access. To measure the effect of ultrasound (US) guidance on the perceived difficulty of EN peripheral IV access in Emergency Department patients, a prospective observational study was conducted of ENs in a level I trauma center with a census of 75,000, ...

E. Mattern,1 J. Matas,1 Y. Ricard2 and J. Bass3 1Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, CNRS UMR 5570, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France. E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] 2Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, CNRS UMR 5570, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 43Bd du 11novembre, Bat. Géode, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France...

F. Aryasetiawan,1 M. Imada,2,3 A. Georges,4,5 G. Kotliar,6 S. Biermann,4 and A. I. Lichtenstein7 1Research Institute for Computational Sciences, AIST, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Central 2, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan 2Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwacha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan 3PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan 4Centre de Physique Theorique, Ecole...

Fog radio access networks (F-RANs), which consist of a cloud and multiple edge nodes (ENs) connected via fronthaul links, have been regarded as promising network architectures. The F-RAN entails joint optimization computing well interactions, is challenging for traditional techniques. This paper proposes Cloud-Enabled Cooperation-Inspired Learning (CECIL) framework, structural deep learning mec...

BACKGROUND Signaling through the endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) is critical for the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and mutations in endothelin system genes cause Hirschsprung's aganglionosis in humans. Penetrance of the disease is modulated by other genetic factors. Mutations affecting retinoic acid (RA) signaling also produce aganglionosis in mice. Thus, we hypothesized that RA...