In HIV-infected, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated patients, immune activation and microbial translocation persist and associate with inadequate CD4 recovery and morbidity/mortality. We analyzed whether alterations in the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway could be responsible for the immune hyperactivation seen in these patients. PBMC/monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) of 28 HIV...

The majority of HIV-1-infected neonates and infants have a higher level of viremia and develop AIDS more rapidly than infected adults, including differences seen in clinical manifestations. To determine the mechanisms of HIV-1 infection in neonates vs. adults, we compared the replication kinetics of HIV-1 in neonatal (cord) and adult blood T lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) fr...

The stage of differentiation and the lineage of CD4+ cells profoundly affect their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While CD4(+) T lymphocytes in patients are readily susceptible to HIV-1 infection, peripheral blood monocytes are relatively resistant during acute or early infection, even though monocytes also express CD4 and viral strains with macropha...

Vaccination therapy of AD animal models and patients strongly suggests an active role of brain mononuclear phagocytes in immune-mediated clearance of amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) in brain. Although Abeta uptake by macrophages can be regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, their effects on macrophage-mediated Abeta degradation are poorly understood. To better understand this mechanis...

Osteolysis remains the most important problem in orthopedic implant failure. Wear debris from the implant contains polyethylene (PE) particulate which has been shown to activate monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Although the response of MDM has been shown to be influenced by the size, shape, and chemical type of PE, the effect of chemically altered PE on MDM has not been studied. In this stud...

This paper is devoted to a study of the relative version Mori dream space (MDS for short), which was first introduced by Andreatta and Wiśnewski will be called morphism (MDM) in this paper. For MDMs we prove that MMP an arbitrary divisor D runs terminates either good minimal model or fiber space, algebraic $$X \rightarrow U$$ satisfying $${\mathrm{Pic}}(X/U)_{{\mathbb {Q}}} \simeq {\text {N}}^1...

Ein Ampelphasenassistent ist eine Funktion mit einer großen Nutzerakzeptanz und Kaufbereitschaft durch Verkehrsteilnehmer. Durch eine zunehmende Nutzung von Ampelphasenassistenten wird ein energieeffizienter und damit emissionsarmer städtischer Verkehrsablauf verbunden mit einer Reduktion von Unfällen erwartet. Im Testfeld Kassel des Forschungsprojektes UR:BAN wird deshalb die praktische Umsetz...

The strong coupling of optical resonators results in a mode splitting proportional to the strength, which can be achieved with metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) cavities that have similar thickness and refractive index. However, an active control is challenging. Here, alternative configuration MDM cavity coupled Guided-Mode-Resonator (GMR) explored. GMR grating fabricated on top cavity, such tuned b...