Non-invasive steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer high bandwidth compared to other BCI types and require only minimal calibration and training. Virtual reality (VR) has been already validated as effective, safe, affordable and motivating feedback modality for BCI experiments. Augmented reality (AR) enhances the physical world by superim...

Integration of brain-computer interface (BCI) technique and assistive device is one of chief and promising applications of BCI system. With BCI technique, people with disabilities do not have to communicate with external environment through traditional and natural pathways like peripheral nerves and muscles, and could achieve it only by their brain activities. In this paper, we designed an elec...

The strength and quality of a research field can be depicted from its literature. In this paper, the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research literature is examined for collaborations at the individual level (i.e. researchers) and international level (i.e. countries). Records from the Web of Science (WoS)(Thomson Reuters) are examined to form an updated picture of the BCI research worldwide and ...

One of the problems of noninvasive brain-computer interface (BCI) applications is the occurrence of anomalous (unexpected) signals that might degrade BCI performance. This situation might slip the operator's attention since raw signals are not usually continuously visualized and monitored during BCI-actuated device operation. Anomalous data can for instance be the result of electrode misplaceme...

The marketability of current and future BCI applications may greatly influence the decisions of goverments, the industry and academia. In this paper we first explored with a survey when respondents (N=145), who were present at the 4th International BCI Meeting, expect that different BCI applications will become commercially available. Second, we surveyed how well existing BCI companies are know...

The Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems enable unblessed people to operate devices and applications through their mental activities. It is believed that the BCI technology should be a blessing for the unblessed persons who may be suffering from severe neuromuscular disorders. So in this paper, we present a review on the progress of research efforts and then we analyze the challenges in BCI r...

We present results of a classification improvement approach for a code–modulated visual evoked potential (cVEP) based brain– computer interface (BCI) paradigm using four high–frequency flashing stimuli. Previously published research reports presented successful BCI applications of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to steady–state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) BCIs. Our team already previou...

The use of a BCI in a practical application depends on the effective implementation of three adaptation levels. The BCI must adapt to the characteristic features of the user’s EEG, periodically adjust for reducing the impact of EEG variations, and engage the adaptive capabilities of the user’s brain through feedback. Implementing the adapting levels, requires the BCI to support several feature ...

Most research on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) focuses on developing ways of expression for disabled people who are not able to communicate through other means. Recently it has been shown that BCI can also be used in games to give users a richer experience and new ways to interact with a computer or game console. This paper describes research conducted to find out what the differences are bet...

In the present paper we introduced the notion of (θ ,φ)-derivations of a BCI-algebra X . Some interesting results on inside (or outside) (θ ,φ)-derivations in BCI-algebras are discussed. It is shown that for any commutative BCI-algebra X , every inside (θ ,φ)derivation of X is isotone. Furthermore it is also proved that for any outside (θ ,φ)-derivation d(θ ,φ) of a BCI-algebra X , d(θ ,φ)(x) =...