A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes communicating with each other without any predetermined topology. In recent years, application domains of wireless ad hoc networks highly affected military and non-military organizations. In this paper, a comparison using NS2 for AODV, DSDV and CBRP is conducted. Metrics of packet delivery fraction and the energy behavior of topo...

In this Perspective, we introduce intensity modulated photocurrent/voltage spectroscopy (IMPS and IMVS) as powerful tools for the analysis of charge carrier dynamics in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar water splitting, taking hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanodes as a case study. We complete the picture by including photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) and linking the trio of P...

The introduction of the Drift Reduction Technology (DRT) guidelines by the United States Environmental Protection Agency has established testing protocols for nozzles, agrochemicals, application parameters, and combinations thereof, for applying agrochemicals in by certified individuals in the U.S. The Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska, USA sought to deve...

We use a spiking neural network model of working memory (WM) capable of performing the spatial delayed response task (DRT) to investigate two drugs that affect WM: guanfacine (GFC) and phenylephrine (PHE). In this model, the loss of information over time results from changes in the spiking neural activity through recurrent connections. We reproduce the standard forgetting curve and then show th...

The aged stack results in resistance growth and power decline. At present, most of the analyses are qualitative or identified by complex mechanism models. For more effective identification, distribution relaxation times (DRT) method is applied to aging analysis stack. individual polarization process corresponding each DRT peak determined appropriate experimental conditions impedance characteriz...

We investigate Aktionsart phenomena connected to sentences with plural NPs and spell out a definition of Aktionsarten that also applies to sentences that describe sums of events. We develop an algorithm that constructs Discourse Representation Structures (DRSs) from sentences and that incorporates an Aktionsart calculus that is based on the Aktionsart definition presented. Defining Aktionsarten...

The cell inconsistency investigation for large-scale proton exchange membrane fuel (PEMFC) stacks is significant. In this paper, the between fault cells and normal ones investigated in a 5 kW stack with 30 of active area 312 cm2. Considering typical operating conditions, temperature hydrogen/air stoichiometry are to discuss effects on inconsistency. As comprehensive indexes, voltage performance...

The involvement of the reticular formation (RF) in the transmission and modulation of nociceptive information has been extensively studied. The brainstem RF contains several areas which are targeted by spinal cord afferents conveying nociceptive input. The arrival of nociceptive input to the RF may trigger alert reactions which generate a protective/defense reaction to pain. RF neurons located ...