Domain I (DI) of beta-2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) contains the immunodominant epitope for pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). DI is exposed in the linear form of the molecule but not in the circular form that comprises 90% of serum β2GPI. The majority of circulating β2GPI is biochemically reduced with two free thiols in Domain V. However, increased levels of oxidised β2GPI are found in p...

domain of the immunoglobulin molecule [3]. β2-microglobulin forms the invariant light chain portion of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules [4-6], which can be found on the membrane of all nucleated cells [7]. Thus, cellular membrane turnover is the main source of serum β2-microglobulin [3]. Because of its small size, β2-microgloUrinary β2-Microglobulin is a Sensitive Indica...

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for treating musculoskeletal injuries in horses. Effective and safe allogeneic therapy may be hindered, however, by recipient immune recognition and rejection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched MSCs. Development of strategies to prevent immune rejection of MHC-mismatched MSCs in vivo is necessary to enhance c...