Transforming growth factor betas are multifunctional polypeptides in the cytokine superfamily. They have a growth inhibitory role on hemopoietic progenitor cells in semisolid colony assay as well as in long-term bone-marrow culture. TGF - β2 represses stromal cells, stem cell factor gene transcription, and decreases the stability of c-kit transcripts in hemopoietic cells. TGF-β also modulat...

The tracking of cellular senescence usually depends on the detection senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). Previous probes for SA-β-gal with this purpose only cover a single dimension: accumulation enzyme in lysosomes. However, is insufficient to determine destiny because endogenous β-gal enriched lysosomes not related senescence, but also some other physiological processes. To addr...

The blood-brain barrier regulates the flow of ions, chemicals, and cells by acting as a conduit between blood cerebral tissue. Additionally, it shields brain against pathogen invasion immune cell infiltration. It is composed endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytic end feet, perivascular macrophages, microglial which help in maintaining its integrity. There are various signaling pathways that a...

background: bone tissue engineering requires materials that are biocompatible, mechanically suited for bone function, integrated with the host skeleton, and support osteoinduction of the implanted cells for new bone formation. the aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of xenograft with hydroxyapatite/β- tricalcium phosphate (ha/β-tcp) scaffold. methods: new zealand rabbits (...

background: cell therapy of many neurodegenerative diseases using bone marrow stromal cells (bmsc) requires the differentiation of bmsc into neuronal subtype. however, the transdifferentiation of bmsc into gabaergic phenotype requires more investigation. methods: in this study, bmsc of adult female rats were pre-induced into neuroblast-like cells using 1 mm β-mercaptoethanol (βme) and 10 m ret...