Five methods are introduced for design of castellated I beams encased in concrete. One of the methods, plastic analysis, is thoroughly explained and the relevant equations are developed. Eight castellated I beams encased in concrete are made and tested. The theoretical design methods are all compared with the test results and the safety factor for each method is calculated. The results show tha...

Five methods are introduced for design of castellated I beams encased in concrete. One of the methods, plastic analysis, is thoroughly explained and the relevant equations are developed. Eight castellated I beams encased in concrete are made and tested. The theoretical design methods are all compared with the test results and the safety factor for each method is calculated. The results show tha...

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are increasingly being deployed in work zones to improve traffic operations and safety. Also known as Smart Work Zone Systems, these deployments provide real-time information to travelers, monitor traffic conditions, and manage incidents. Despite numerous ITS deployments in work zones, a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of these deployments doe...

background: workplace safety has been a concern of workers and managers for decades. measuring safety climate is crucial in improving safety performance. it is also a method of benchmarking safety perception. objective: to develop and validate a psychometrics scale for measuring nurses' safety climate. methods: literature review, subject matter experts and nurse's judgment were used in items de...

Strength reduction method and ADINA software are adopted to study the stability of submarine tunnel structures subjected to seepage and earthquake under different seawater depths and overlying rock strata thicknesses. First, the excess pore water pressure in the rock mass is eliminated through consolidation calculation. Second, dynamic time-history analysis is performed by inputting the seismic...