Several extensions of energy balance models (EBMs) are explored in which (i) sea ice acts to insulate the atmosphere from the ocean and (ii) ocean heat transport is allowed to have some meridional structure controlled by the wind, with minima at which the ice edge can rest. These new models support multiple stable ice edges not found in the classical EBM and a hysteresis loop capable of generat...

The mechanisms that drove zonal wind stress ( ) changes in the near-equatorial Pacific at the end of the extreme 1997–98 El Niño event are explored using a global atmospheric general circulation model. The analysis focuses on three features of the x evolution between October 1997 and May 1998 that were fundamental in driving the oceanic changes at the end of this El Niño event: (i) the southwar...

The Antarctic circumpolar wave (ACW) is a nominal 4-yr climate signal in the ocean–atmosphere system in the Southern Ocean, propagating eastward at an average speed of 6–8 cm s21, composed of two waves taking approximately 8 years to circle the globe. The ACW is characterized by a persistent phase relationship between warm (cool) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and poleward (equatorward...

Data obtained by the GONG and MDI instruments over the last seven years are used to study how solar dynamics — both rotation and other large scale flows — have changed with time. In addition to the well known phenomenon of bands of faster and slower rotation moving towards the equator and pole, we find that the zonal flow pattern rises upwards with time. Like the zonal flows, the meridional flo...

Interannual variability of the Atlantic inflow (AI) into Nordic Seas is studied using moored current and temperature measurements in Norwegian Current during 25-year period 1995–2020. We show that properties AI are strongly connected to dynamics Northern demonstrate robustness average winter wind field driving with 3-month maxima range (40–50) cms−1. In sense, zero-wind-stress-curl (ZWSC)-lines...

The equilibrium response of atmospheric circulation to the direct radiative effects of natural or anthropogenic aerosols is investigated using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) coupled to two different ocean boundary conditions: prescribed climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and a slab ocean model. Anthropogenic and natural aerosols significantly affect the circulation but in nea...

The response of the zonal-mean zonal winds in the tropical upper troposphere to thermal forcing in the Tropics is studied using an idealized general circulation model with 18 vertical levels and simplified atmospheric physics. The model produces a conventional general circulation, with deep easterly flow over the equator, when integrated using zonally invariant and hemispherically symmetric bou...

Warmer SST and more rain in the Northern Hemisphere are observed year-round in the tropical eastern Pacific with southerly wind crossing the equator toward the atmospheric heating. The southerlies are minimal during boreal spring, when two precipitation maxima straddle the equator. Fourteen atmosphere– ocean coupled GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and one coupled reg...

Abstract This study formulates three-dimensional (3D) residual flow, treating both stationary and transient waves. The zonal meridional momentum equations contain four terms: the geostrophic wind tendency, Coriolis force for horizontal product of potential vorticity other than constant planetary vorticity, friction. thermodynamic equation contains three temperature advection basic by vertical d...